AY Honors/Midnight Sun/Answer Key

1. Describe the geographic areas the midnight sun may be seen in.

The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the sun remains visible at the local midnight.

2. Describe why and at what time of the year the phenomenon may be seen.

Around the summer solstice (approximately June 21 in the north and December 22 in the south) the sun is visible for the full 24 hours, given fair weather. The number of days per year with potential midnight sun increases the farther towards either pole one goes. Although approximately defined by the polar circles, in practice the midnight sun can be seen as much as 90 km outside the polar circle, and the exact latitudes of the farthest reaches of midnight sun depend on topography and vary slightly year-to-year.

The phenomenon is caused by the Earth's axial tilt, which at the solstice tilts one pole away from the sun (polar night), and tilts the other towards the sun (the midnight sun). This is easily illustrated with a globe and a flashlight, by observing which parts of the globe are illuminated (or in shadow) as the globe rotates on its axis, and as the globe orbits around the "sun" (or in our case, the flashlight).

3. Find a place where you can observe the sun at its lowest position during the night and do the following:

a) Calculate the exact time for the suns lowest position (take into consideration daylight saving time if applicable).

b) Stay awake until the sun has reached its lowest position and take a landscape picture that shows the sun and some surrounding nature. Make sure not to look directly into the sun without proper protection.

c) Look around you and take note of how the nature reacts to the continuous sunlight.

d) Find information on the time period the midnight sun phenomenon is visible at your point of observation.

4. For what period of the year is the sun visible at each of the poles?

5. What is the “polar night”?

6. Read Genesis 1:31-2:3, Leviticus 23:32, Exodus 20:8-11 and Nehemiah 13:15-22 and discuss in a group (or in written form – at least 500 words) when the Sabbath starts according to the bible and how this can be applied in areas that experience midnight sun and polar night.

7. Talk to at least 5 persons that have lived or currently live in an area with midnight sun and ask them how the midnight sun and polar night affect their life.

References