AY Honors/Geology/Answer Key

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1. Give the geological meaning of the following words:

  • Satellite image of the Nile River Delta

  • The three narrow strips of land shown here are spits in the Baltic Sea

  • Sinkholes near the Dead Sea

  • Map of an oxbow lake

a. Delta
A delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary or lake.
b. Sand spit
A spit a deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore
c. Sinkhole
A sinkhole is a natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. They may be formed gradually or suddenly, and are found worldwide.
d. Oxbow lake
n oxbow lake is a type of lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. In Australia, an oxbow lake is called a billabong.
e. Moraine
f. Cirque
g. Mesa
h. Alluvial fan
i. Anticline
j. Syncline

2. Describe the following:

a. A shield-type volcano as compared to a composite volcano

b. How a glacier moves and what evidences it leaves behind

c. How sediments are laid down by water

d. The different types of mountains

e. Why a river or stream bank often keeps caving in on the outside of a bend

3. Know what category of rocks (sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous) the following rocks are:

a. Granite

b. Sandstone

c. Conglomerate

d. Slate

e. Shale

f. Marble

g. Lava

h. Limestone

i. Basalt

j. Gneiss

4. Take a picture or make a sketch of each of the following geological features:

a. A bed of sediment that is coarser at the bottom and finer toward the top (This is called normal graded bedding.)

b. Ripple marks in sand or mud (Show with an arrow the current direction if possible.)

c. Gulley erosion

d. Mud cracks (These can usually be found after a heavy rain or flood when mud starts to dry.)

e. Soil profile along a stream bank or road cut (You should be able to see how soil usually becomes lighter colored downward from the surface of the ground.)

f. Sand bar (Sand bars can be found in rivers or streams, or along the ocean.)

References

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