Especialidades JA/Amarres/Respuestas

Amarres
División Norteamericana Actividades recreacionales	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 2018

Requisitos

1

Definir amarre y explicar su propósito.

A lashing is an arrangement of rope wire or webbing with linking device used to secure and fasten two or more items together in a somewhat rigid manner. Lashings are most commonly applied to timber poles, and are commonly associated with cargo, containerisation, the Scouting movement, and sailing.

2

¿Cómo se puede utilizar los amarres en un ambiente de campamento o al aire libre? Dar tres ejemplos.

Lashing can be used to build useful items in a camp setting. If in an area where gathering timber is allowed, the camper with proper skills can build the needed items rather than pack them in.

Three categories of items that lend themselves to lash construction include:

Furniture

Table, chair, and even beds.

Shelter

Lean-to, super shelter, tree cot, baker's tent (frame), etc.

Tools & Utensils

ladder, tripod for cooking, coat hangers, etc.

3

¿Qué materiales se usan en los amarres?

3a

Hacer una lista de los tipos de cuerdas que son preferidos para los amarres.

3b

Dar las ventajas de los materiales naturales sobre la madera dimensional.

The imperfections inherent in natural materials allows for greater amounts of friction to develop between the work pieces (spars and ropes). In contrast dimensional lumber pieces will require higher amounts of tension in wraps to achieve similar holding power.

4

Demostrar los siguientes nudos iniciales y finales:

4a

Vuelta de braza

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Timber hitch

4b

Ballestrinque

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Clove hitch

4c

Nudo llano

Template:Knot square

5

Qué nudos iniciales y finales se usan en los siguientes cinco tipos de amarres:

5a

Cuadrado

Start with a timber hitch (can substitute clove hitch for smaller work pieces) and end with two half hitches backed by a clove hitch.

5b

Ocho

Start with a clove hitch and end with a clove hitch.

5c

Trípode

5d

Diagonal

5e

Continuo

6

Explicar cómo calcular la longitud y el grosor de las cuerdas necesarias para un proyecto. Demostrar cómo preservar los extremos de una cuerda cortada.

7

Explicar las diferencias entre un frap y un wrap.

Wrap

A wrap is a turn made around the two spars to hold the spars tightly together. Usually, three wraps are made to form a Square Lashing. Some other lashings require more wraps.

Frap

A frap is a turn made between the spars. It goes around the wraps to pull the wraps tighter. Usually two frapping turns are made on a lashing.

8

Demostrar cómo amarrar los siguientes cinco amarres:

8a

Cuadrado

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Square

8b

Ocho

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Shear

8c

Trípode

8d

Diagonal

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Diagonal

8e

Continuo

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Continuous

9

Discutir qué tipo de peso puede cargar cada diámetro de cuerda dependiendo de la naturaleza del material.

Natural Ropes

Manila

Made from the leaves of the Musa textillis tree in the Philippine Islands.

Sisal

Made from the leaves of the Agave sisalaua plant that is native to central America. Sisal and Manila are the strongest natural material ropes with a 10% stretch factor.

Hemp

Made from an annual herbaceous plant native to west and central Asia. Hemp is 2/3 as strong as Manila and Sisal rope.

Cotton

Made from the white, downy, fibrous substance that covers the seeds of the cotton plant.

Coir

Made from coconut husks.

Synthetic Ropes

Synthetic ropes are all man-made from different types of plastics. They have unique names that reflect their different properties. The strength of the synthetic rope is at least twice that of Manila or Sisal rope. The main types of synthetic ropes are:

Polypropylene and polyethylene

These are plastic ropes which stay afloat and are not affected by water. They are designed for marine purposes; they are tough and have good abrasion resistance. However, they have low stretch and heat resistance.

Terylene or polyester

These ropes stay afloat and are not affected by water. They have high heat resistance, but have low stretch.

Nylon

These have a high level of strength, do not float and are affected by wet conditions.

They have good stretch and moderate heat resistance. Nylon 6 is used in rock climbing and nylon 66 is used in abseiling. Nylon is resistant to abrasions, bacteria and most organic solvents. It is sensitive to strong acids, alkalinity and long exposure to sunlight.

10

Demostrar las formas de almacenar cuerdas y madera para usar en el futuro.

Rope should be Coiled up and hung up in a dry place, or put in a box or bucket. The box or bucket should have holes to let the rope breathe. This will help against rot and odors.

The wood should be bundled up and racked off the ground in a dry place, like on a wall or hung from the ceiling. If outside, the wood should be wrapped in a tarp or oiled canvas to keep out water.

11

Crear por lo menos tres de los siguientes artículos:

11a

Silla (debe incluir asiento y respaldo)

11b

Mesa (debe ser capaz de soportar 16 lbs. [7.25 kg] o 2 galones [7.5 litros] de agua)

11c

Trípode para fuego de cocinar

11d

Asta de bandera (debe tener por lo menos cuatro postes)

11e

Escalera (debe incluir por lo menos seis peldaños)