AY Honors/Reptiles/Answer Key/es

Reptiles
Asociación General Estudio de la naturaleza	Destreza: 1 Año de introducción: 1937

Requisitos

Conexión Logros para la Investidura: Esta especialidad está relacionada con los requisitos de Logros para la Investidura para AMIGO Estudio de la naturaleza que requiere (como una de dos opciones) el mantener un reptil como está escrito en el requisito 6b de esta especialidad. Esta especialidad es una elección popular para la especialidad de la categoría de Estudio de la naturaleza de nivel de destreza 1 requerido para los AMIGOS.

1

¿Qué características debe tener un animal para ser clasificado como un reptil?

Los reptiles son animales de sangre fría. Son de piel gruesa. La mayoría tienen escamas y se reproducen por desove, pero varios dan a luz a crías vivas. La falta de una etapa larval distingue los reptiles de los anfibios.

2

Nombrar 15 reptiles (lagartos, serpientes, y/o tortugas) que se encuentran en su localidad. Decir su lugar de residencia, sus hábitos alimenticios y su importancia económica.

Los reptiles también incluyen los cocodrilos y los lagarts, entonces si se pueden encontrar esos animales en su área, deben ser nombrados.

eNature.com es un buen recursos para esto (sólo disponible en inglés). Se puede buscar la vida silvestre por código postal y también da información de cada animal.

3

Nombrar cinco reptiles venenosos en su área describiendo cada uno de ellos dando la ubicación de sus colmillos y la distribución geográfica.

Algunas áreas no tienen reptiles venenosos, entonces se puede interpretar «área geofráfica» como el continente entero.

Norteamérica

Reptil	Distribución	Ubicación de los colmillos
Monstruo de Gila	Suroeste de los E.E.U.U., norte de México	Mandíbula inferior
Lagarto Enchaquirado	Guatemala, México	Mandíbula inferior
Cabeza de cobre	Sur del estado de Massachusetts hasta Florida hacia el oeste a Texas hacia el norte a Iowa	Mandíbula superior, al frente de la boca
Boca de algodón	Este de los E.E.U.U.	Mandíbula superior, al frente de la boca
Serpiente de coral	Sureste de los E.E.U.U.	Mandíbula superior, al frente de la boca
Serpiente de cascabel	Varias especies, desde el sur de Canadá hasta Sudamérica	Mandíbula superior

Sudamérica

Asia

Europa

África

Reptile	Distribution	Location of Fangs
Puff Adder	From Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rain forest regions.	Upper and lower jaws
Rinkhals	Southern Africa	Front fangs
Terrestrial Tortoise	Land/terrestrial dwellers-SA	Teeth
Black Mamba	Wide and occasionally fragmented range of sub-Saharan Africa	Front fangs
Cape Cobra	Across southern Africa	Front fangs

Australasia

4

Mencionar lo que debe hacer si usted es mordido por una serpiente venenosa.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Snake bite

5

Mencionar lo que debe hacer si usted es mordido por una serpiente no venenosa.

Treatment of a non-venomous snakebite is essentially the same as the treatment for other types of puncture wounds. Clean the wound, cover it with a sterile bandage, and seek medical attention.

6

Realizar una de las siguientes actividades:

6a

Contar la historia de vida de un representante de cada uno de estos animales: lagarto, serpiente, tortuga. Comparar los lagartos, serpientes, tortugas, cocodrilos y en cuanto a la historia de vida, la variación en los ojos, los oídos, los dientes, corazón, pulmones, extremidades, cola y las escamas (conchas).

Life History of the Leopard Gecko

Leopard Gecko

Leopard Geckos become sexually mature at around 10-14 months of age. The Leopard Gecko's gender can be determined once the animal reaches an adult length of 5+".

Leopard Geckos breed from March through September, although the season may begin as early as January and finish as late as October. Thirty days later, the female will lay one or two eggs with a leathery shell. Clutches of two eggs will then be laid every two weeks to monthly throughout the rest of the mating season varying from each gecko according to age, with older females gradually laying fewer eggs with each year. The eggs will need to be incubated.

Like many other egg-laying reptiles the sex of Leopard geckos are determined by incubation temperature. Eggs incubated at 79 F will result in a majority of female neonates, where as eggs incubated at 85 - 87 F will result in a more even sex ratio and eggs incubated at 89 - 90 F in the first four weeks will result in more males. Females hatched from these eggs are generally more aggressive than other females, and they tend to reach sexual maturity later if at all. An incubation temperature lower than 77 F or higher than 97 F will cause deformities and usually death of the neonates incubated at these temperatures.

The eggs hatch 6-12 weeks after being laid depending on temperature. The gecko breaks the surface of the egg and pushes its head out, remaining in this position from 2 to 4 hours adapting to lung breathing and obtaining oxygen from the egg membranes as well as absorbing yolk from inside the egg.

Jewelled Green Gecko (Native of New Zealand)

Jewelled Green Gecko

Along with the New Caledonian rough-snouted gecko (Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus) all New Zealand Gecko give birth to live young. The eggs hatch in the oviduct and a birth occurs. Each litter consists of two young. After three years, or depending on temperature and food availability causing them to grow to a good size, they become sexually mature. Mating occurs in September-October, and birthing in May-June.

Life History of the Garter Snake

Garter snake

Before they mate, garter snakes go into brumation, which is a state similar to hibernation. They stop eating for about two weeks beforehand to clear their stomach of any food that would rot there otherwise. Garter snakes begin mating as soon as they emerge from brumation. In chillier parts of their range, male common garter snakes awaken from brumation first, giving themselves enough time to prepare to mate with females when they finally appear. After mating, a female leaves the den/mating area to find food and a place to give birth. Female garter snakes are able to store the male's sperm for years before fertilization. The young are incubated in the lower abdomen, at about the midpoint of the length of the mother's body. Garter snakes are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live young. Gestation is two to three months in most species. As few as 3 or as many as 50 snakes are born in a single litter. The babies are independent upon birth.

Life History of the Leatherback Turtle

Leatherback burying her eggs

Like all sea turtles, leatherback turtles start their lives as hatchlings bursting out from the sands of their nesting beaches. Right after they hatch, the baby turtles are already in danger of predation. Many are eaten by birds, crustaceans or other reptiles before they reach the water. Once they reach the ocean they are generally not seen again until maturity. Very few turtles survive this mysterious period to become adults. It is known that juvenile leatherbacks spend a majority of their particular life stage in more tropical waters than the adults.

Adults are prone to long-distance bouts of migration. Migration in leatherback turtles occurs between the cold waters in which mature leatherbacks cruise in to feed on the abundant masses of jellyfish that occur in those waters, to the tropical and subtropical beaches in the regions where they were hatched from. In the Atlantic, individual females tagged in French Guiana off the coast of South America have been recaptured on the other side of the ocean in Morocco and Spain.

Mating between leatherback turtles take place at sea. Leatherback males never leave the water once they enter it unlike females which crawl onto land to nest.

While the other species of sea turtles almost-always return to the same beaches they hatched from, female leatherback turtles have been found to be capable of switching to another beach within the same general region of their "home" beach. Chosen nesting beaches are comprised of soft sand since their shells and plastrons (the turtle's underside) are softer and easily damaged by hard rocks. Nesting beaches also have shallower approach angles from the sea. This is a source of vulnerability for the turtles because such beaches are easily eroded. Females excavate a nest above the high-tide line with their flippers. One female may lay as many as nine clutches in one breeding season. About nine days pass between nesting events. The average clutch size of this particular species is around 110 eggs per nest, 85% of which are viable. The female carefully back-fills the nest after, disguising it from predators with a scattering of sand.

The eggs hatch in about sixty to seventy days. As with other reptiles, the ambient temperature of the nest determines the sex of the hatchlings. After nightfall, the hatchlings dig their way to the surface and make their way to the sea.

Comparisons

Reptile	Eyes	Ears	Teeth	Heart	Lungs	Limbs	Tails	Scales
Lizards	movable eyelids	external	sharp, tricuspid (3-points)	3 chambers	2 full lungs	4 legs	breaks off	do not grow, but sheds
Snakes	transparent eyelids, permanently closed	internal	grooved or hollow	3 chambers	left lung smaller or absent	none	does not detach	do not grow, but sheds
Turtles	have eyelids	external	no teeth, have beaks	3 chambers	2 full lungs	4 legs	tucks into shell	grow some form shell
Crocodiles	one transparent, one opaque	have "earlids"	sharp, designed to tear	4 chambers	2 full lungs	4 legs	powerful	grow

6b

Mantener un pequeño reptil en un terrario y mantener un registro de su atención durante tres meses.

Most pet shops carry turtles, lizards, and snakes, as well as the equipment needed to care for them (including terrariums). Pet store staff are generally very knowledgeable about caring for reptiles and will be able to answer your questions. They may also have brochures on reptile care.

Remember that pet reptiles (and amphibians, birds, and small mammals) should never be released into the wild. The main reason for this is that they may not be indigenous to the area and may cause severe ecological problems to the native populations. Further, they can easily spread disease to the native creatures. Even if none of these things come to pass, domestic pets are ill-equipped to survive in the wild, having not lived there in their past.

Therefore, in deciding whether or not to keep a pet reptile to meet this requirement, take this into consideration. If you misjudge your commitment to your reptile pet, you are responsible to find it another home. Under no circumstances should you release a pet into the wild.

7

Localizar dos historias bíblicas que un reptil ha desempeñado un papel importante.

Eve tempted by the serpent in the garden of Eden (Genesis 3)

Moses and Aaron's staffs becoming snakes (Exodus 4 & 7)

People who were bit by snakes could look at bronze snake on pole to live (Numbers 21)

Paul was bitten by a viper, which he shook off into the fire. The people thought he was a god since he didn't die. (Acts 28)