AY Honors/Drumming & Percussion/Answer Key
A rudiment is one of a set of basic patterns used in rudimental drumming. These patterns form the basic building blocks or "vocabulary" of drumming, and can be combined in a more-or-less infinite variety of ways to create drumming music.
There have been many attempts to formalise a standard list of snare drum rudiments. The National Association of Rudimental Drummers (NARD), an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, put forward a list of 13 "essential" rudiments, and later a second set of thirteen to form the original 26. Finally, the Percussive Arts Society (PAS) reorganized the first 26 and added another 14 to form the current "40 international drum rudiments".
The 40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments
Single Stroke Roll Rudiments
| 1. | Single Stroke Roll |  |
| 2. | Single Stroke Four |  |
| 3. | Single Stroke Seven |  |
Multiple Bounce Roll Rudiments
| 4. | Multiple Bounce Roll |  |
| 5. | Triple Stroke Roll |  |
Double Stroke Rudiments
| 6. | Double Stroke Open Roll |  |
| 7. | Five Stroke Roll |  |
| 8. | Six Stroke Roll |  |
| 9. | Seven Stroke Roll |  |
| 10. | Nine Stroke Roll |  |
| 11. | Ten Stroke Roll |  |
| 12. | Eleven Stroke Roll |  |
| 13. | Thirteen Stroke Roll |  |
| 14. | Fifteen Stroke Roll |  |
| 15. | Seventeen Stroke Roll |  |
Diddle Rudiments
| 16. | Single Paradiddle |  |
| 17. | Double Paradiddle |  |
| 18. | Triple Paradiddle |  |
| 19. | Paradiddle-Diddle |  |
Flam Rudiments
| 20. | Flam |  |
| 21. | Flam Accent |  |
| 22. | Flam Tap |  |
| 23. | Flamacue |  |
| 24. | Flam Paradiddle |  |
| 25. | Single Flammed Mill |  |
| 26. | Flam Paradiddle-Diddle |  |
| 27. | PataFlaFla |  |
| 28. | Swiss Army Triplet |  |
| 29. | Inverted Flam Tap |  |
| 30. | Flam Drag |  |
Drag Rudiments
| 31. | Drag |  |
| 32. | Single Drag Tap |  |
| 33. | Double Drag Tap |  |
| 34. | Lesson 25 |  |
| 35. | Single Dragadiggle |  |
| 36. | Drag Paradiddle #1 |  |
| 37. | Drag Paradiddle #2 |  |
| 38. | Single Ratamacue |  |
| 39. | Double Ratamacue |  |
| 40. | Triple Ratamacue |  |
Historical Organization
The Thirteen "Essential" Rudiments
- The Long Roll
- The Five Stroke Roll
- The Seven Stroke Roll
- The Flam
- The Flam Accent
- The Flam Paradiddle
- The Flamacue
- The Ruff
- The Single Drag
- The Double Drag
- The Double Paradiddle
- The Single Ratamacue
- The Triple Ratamacue
The Second Thirteen Rudiments
- The Single Stroke Roll
- The Nine Stroke Roll
- The Ten Stroke Roll
- The Eleven Stroke Roll
- The Thirteen Stroke Roll
- The Fifteen Stroke Roll
- The Flam Tap
- The Single Paradiddle
- The Drag Paradiddle #1
- The Drag Paradiddle #2
- The Flam Paradiddle-diddle
- The Lesson 25
- The Double Ratamacue
The Last Fourteen Rudiments
More recently, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extended the list to the current "40 International Drum Rudiments". Note that the ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization, so these numbers won't match those above.
- The Single Stroke Four
- The Single Stroke Seven
- The Multiple Bounce Roll
- The Triple Stroke Roll
- The Six Stroke Roll
- The Seventeen Stroke Roll
- The Triple Paradiddle
- The Single Paradiddle-Diddle
- The Single Flammed Mill
- The Pataflafla
- The Swiss Army Triplet
- The Inverted Flam Tap
- The Flam Drag
- The Single Dragadiddle
Books
- (1812) "A New, Useful, and Complete System of Drum Beating" by Charles Ashworth
- (1815) "The Art of Beating the Drum" by Samuel Potter
- (1861) "The Drummers' and Fifers' Guide" by Bruce Emmett
- (1869) "Strube's Drum and Fife Instructor" by Gardiner A. Strube
- (1886) "The Trumpet and Drum" by John Philip Sousa
- (1935) "Stick Control" by George Lawrence Stone
- (1945) "The All-American Drummer" by Charley Wilcoxin
- (1959) "14 Modern Contest Solos For Snare Drum" by John S. Pratt
- (1979) "The Technique and Mechanics of Rudimental Snare Drumming" by Ken Mazur
- (1992) "The Drummer's Rudimental Reference Book" by John Wooten
- (2004) "The Beat of a Different Drummer" by Dominick Cuccia
Notable Contributors
- Charley Wilcoxon: instructor, author, teacher
- J. Burns Moore: instructor, author, teacher
- George Lawrence Stone: instructor, author, teacher
- Earl Sturtze: instructor, author, teacher
- John S. Pratt: instructor, author, teacher
- Fred Sanford: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
- Ralph Hardimon: instructor & arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum & Bugle Corps
- Tom Float: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
- Marty Hurley: instructor & arranger, Phantom Regiment Drum & Bugle Corps
- Scott Johnson: instructor & arranger, Blue Devils Drum & Bugle Corps
- James Campbell: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
- Bret Kuhn: instructor & arranger, Cavaliers Drum & Bugle Corps
- Dennis DeLucia: instructor & arranger, Bridgemen Drum & Bugle Corps
- Thom Hannum: instructor & arranger, Cadets Drum & Bugle Corps
- Charley Poole, Jr. instructor & arranger, 27th Lancers Drum & Bugle Corps
Hybrid Rudiments
Over the years, many other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as "hybrids".
