AY Honors/Heredity/Answer Key/es

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Herencia
Asociación General

Salud y ciencia


Destreza: 3
Año de introducción: 2004


Requisitos



1

¿Qué entiende por el término «herencia»?



2

Hacer un dibujo de una célula animal y etiquetar los siguientes nombres de estructuras: membrana celular, citoplasma, núcleo, membrana nuclear, ribosomas.


Cell parts.png


3

Explicar lo siguiente:



3a

¿Qué es un cromosoma y dónde están ubicados?



3b

¿Qué es un gen y dónde se encuentra?






4

Explicar lo siguiente:



4a

¿Qué entiende por el término «alelo»?



4b

¿Cómo difiere un alelo dominante de un alelo recesivo?



4c

Determinar qué alelo tiene usted de los siguientes rasgos genéticos:


4ci

Pico de la viuda



4cii

Lóbulo de la oreja separado



4ciii

Hoyuelos



4civ

Pulgar curvo



4cv

Meñique curvo



4cvi

Pelo de la falange media



4cvii

Enrollado de la lengua



4cviii

Segundo dedo del pie más largo




4d

Utilizando un cuadro de Punnett, predecir la proporción de descendientes producidos a partir de estos monohíbridos: TT (alto) cruzado con tt (bajo), Tt (alto) cruzado con Tt (alto), Tt (alto) cruzado con tt (bajo).




5

Explicar lo siguiente:



5a

¿Qué logra el proceso de la mitosis?



5b

Dibujar una secuencia de células que muestren el proceso de la mitosis, incluyendo: profase, metafase, anafase y telofase.



5c

Explicar brevemente la forma en que el ADN en los cromosomas se copia durante el proceso.




6

Explicar lo siguiente:


6a

¿Qué logra el proceso de la meiosis y en qué se diferencia de la mitosis?


Every cell in your body has 46 identical chromosomes that are unique to you (commonly known as your DNA - what gets matched on a crime show). This is called a diploid number of chromosomes or 2n. However, when you make sex cells (egg or sperm) through meiosis, the cells will have half the normal body cell number, so in humans, 23. This is called haploid (hap and half sound alike, which helps us remember it.) This is represented by 1n. 23 chromosomes from the mother+23 from the father=46 total in the offspring.


6b

Dibujar una secuencia de células que muestran el proceso de la meiosis, incluyendo: profase I y II, metafase I y II, anafase I y II, y telofase I y II.



6c

¿Las células resultantes de la meiosis permanecen haploides? Explicar.




7

Describir cómo el ADN codifica las proteínas específicas que dan lugar a los rasgos genéticos. Demostrar su conocimiento de este proceso mediante el uso de esquemas o modelos en papel.



8

¿Qué es una mutación? Usar de los esquemas o modelos creados en la pregunta #7 para ilustrar el efecto de una mutación en los rasgos genéticos.



9

Saber por lo menos cinco alteraciones genéticas y contar una historia sobre una persona famosa o alguien que sabe que ha tenido alguna de estas alteraciones.


Here is a list of genetic disorders and famous people who had/have them. You can easily search for more examples, or just pick one and find a story about the person you chose. You can tell the story to the others working on the honor (which will make an interesting exchange), or maybe type it up as a blog post if you are working on this honor independently.

  • Color-blindness
    • Bill Clinton, former President of the United States, and Bob Dole, Former Majority Leader of the U.S. Senate. These two ran against each other in the 1996 Presidential election, and during their debates, the colors normally used had to be changed to accommodate them both.
  • Cystic fibrosis
    • Grégory Lemarchal, French pop singer, died from the illness in 2007
    • Frankie Abernathy, actress in Real World: San Diego, died in 2007
    • Lisa Bentley, Triathlete
  • Down syndrome
    • Stephane Ginnsz, actor (Duo (film)) First actor with Down syndrome in the lead part of a motion picture.
    • Chris Burke, actor (Life Goes On) and autobiographer
    • Andrea Friedman, actor (Life Goes On), guest appearances on many other shows
    • Pascal Duquenne, actor (Le Huitième Jour aka The Eighth Day, Toto le héros aka Toto the Hero)
    • Anne de Gaulle (1928-1948), daughter of Charles de Gaulle
  • Hemophilia
    • Ryan White, famous for his struggle against AIDS. Ryan had hemophilia and got AIDS from the blood-clotting medicine he took.
    • Queen Victoria was a carrier of Hemophilia B. Two of her five daughters were also carriers and married into other royal families in Europe. They passed Hemophilia through various royal families such as Spain, Germany, and Russia. This is why Hemophilia is known as the Royal Disease. Her son Leopold died from a fall made fatal by Hemophillia.
    • An extensive list of famous hemophilics.
  • Parkinson's Syndrome (formerly referred to as Parkinson's Disease)
    • Michael J. Fox - Actor
    • Cassius Clay (aka Muhammad Ali) - Former heavyweight boxing champion and Olympic gold medalist.
    • Janet Reno, former Attorney General of the United States
  • Huntington's Disease
    • Woody Guthrie
  • Sickle Cell Anemia
    • Tiki Barber - American Football Player
  • Spina bifida
    • Olympian and eight-time Boston Marathon winner Jean Driscoll[1]
    • 1980s rock star, John Mellencamp
    • Welsh Paralympian, Tanni Grey-Thompson
    • U.S. country music singer, Hank Williams
  • Tay-Sachs disease


10

¿Es la herencia biológica el único factor que contribuye al carácter, es decir, lo que hace quién eres?


Biological Heredity is not the only factor contributing to your character- it is proven in studies that a personality of a person, and who they are, is determined by not only their genes, but also by their environment (way they are brought up).

As Adventists and Pathfinders our character should be shaped by our parents, our faith, our good deeds and by the temptation and sin, all of which can change our character.


11

Encontrar tres declaraciones de los escritos de Elena G. de White que se refieren a la pregunta anterior.


"True character is not shaped from without, and put on; it radiates from within. If we wish to direct others in the path of righteousness, the principles of righteousness must be enshrined in our own hearts. Our profession of faith may proclaim the theory of religion, but it is our practical piety that holds forth the word of truth. The consistent life, the holy conversation, the unswerving integrity, the active, benevolent spirit, the godly example,--these are the mediums through which light is conveyed to the world."

"In our own strength it is impossible for us to deny the clamors of our fallen nature. Through this channel Satan will bring temptation upon us. Christ knew that the enemy would come to every human being, to take advantage of hereditary weakness, and by his false insinuations to ensnare all whose trust is not in God. And by passing over the ground which man must travel, our Lord has prepared the way for us to overcome. It is not His will that we should be placed at a disadvantage in the conflict with Satan. He would not have us intimidated and discouraged by the assaults of the serpent. "Be of good cheer," He says; "I have overcome the world." John 16:33."

"It will be well to remember that tendencies of character are transmitted from parents to children. Meditate seriously upon these things, and then in the fear of God gird on the armor for a life conflict with hereditary tendencies, imitating none but the divine Pattern."



Referencias