Especialidades JA/Óptica/Respuestas

1

Definir y/o dibujar un diagrama de lo siguiente:

1a

Longitud focal

1b

Lente positivo

1c

Lente negativo

1d

Dos tipos de distorsión

1e

Color longitudinal

1f

Color lateral

1g

Aberración esférica

1h

Lente acromática

1i

Refracción de la luz

2

Explicar cómo se comporta la luz cuando choca o atraviesa agua, aceite, feldespato y un espejo.

3

Nombrar y dibujar diagramas de tres tipos de lentes positivas y tres de lentes negativos.

4

¿Cuál debe ser la mínima distancia de la fuente de luz de un lente cuando se prueba la longitud focal?

Measuring the focal point

It depends on how accurately you want to measure the focal length. The focal length can be determined by the equation:

5

Encontrar la longitud focal de al menos cuatro lentes, uno debe ser una lente negativa.

Finding the focal length of a positive lens

Positive Lens

Set a ruler on end on a work surface (a table, sidewalk, or a wood board). Using a bright light (such as the sun) as the light source, hold the lens against the ruler and slide it up and down the ruler until the light is focused on the work surface. The point on the ruler that the focused lens touches is to be recorded as the Focal Length for that lens.

Negative Lens

Measuring the focal length of a negative lens is more difficult because light going through it does not converge to form an image. Instead, you will need to place a positive lens between the light source and the negative lens. Move the lenses and screen around until the light is focused.

6

Explicar por medio de un diagrama por qué una imagen positiva de un lente hace que una imagen se vea invertida.

7

Mostrar con diagrama cómo funciona un prisma. Mencionar los ángulos que los colores aparecen y desaparecen.

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8

Demostrar lo que ocurre cuando la luz golpea en un vidrio de un solo sentido (opaco o semitransparente).

9

Construir un instrumento óptico usando espejos o lentes, como un periscopio, una diapositiva o proyector de opacos o un simple telescopio.

Periscope

Principle of the periscope.
A - Periscope using two plane mirrors.
B - Periscope using two right–angled prisms.
1 - 2 - Plane mirrors.
3 - 4 - Right–angled prisms.
5 - 6 - Observer eye.
7 - 8 - Periscope tube.
H - Periscope optical height.
Different types of periscopes:
Lens periscopes. [1]
Handheld periscope. [2]
Submarine periscope.[3]

A periscope is an instrument for observation from a concealed position. In its simplest form it is a tube in each end of which are mirrors set parallel to each other and at an angle of 45° with a line between them.

10

Explicar qué entiende por el término 6x35 y 7x50 tal como se aplica a los prismáticos/binoculares.

A typical Porro prism binoculars design

The numbers used for describing binoculars give the power followed by the diameter of the objective lens (The largest diameter lens) in millimeters. This means that 6x35 have a magnifying power of 6x and have a diameter of 35mm.

11

Definir el término «f/parada», tal como se utiliza en relación con las cámaras. ¿Qué significa que un lente es rápido o lento? Un F/8.5 es un lente más rápido o más lento que un lente f /8?

Focal Length

The longer the focal length, the more magnifying power the optical system has. You will choose a very long focal length lens if you wish to photograph birds, and a short focal length lens to photograph scenic shots such as a panarama.

Diameter of the lens

The larger the diameter the more light is let in. So to have a fast lens, you will need a large diameter lens, and the longer the focal length, the larger the diameter needs to be to have the same speed. A 50mm f/4 lens will have a diameter of 12.5 mm, but a 400mm f/4 lens will have a diameter of 100mm.

The advantage of a faster lens is that there is more light, so it is easier to see, and for photography, you can keep the exposure time low.

The disadvantage of a fast lens is that it is heavier, and has less depth of field.

References

• http://www.tradeshop.com/gems/feldspar.html