Especialidades JA/Gramíneas/Respuestas

Gramíneas

Nivel de destreza

3

Año

1945

Version

16.11.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

1

¿Qué características debe tener una planta para que sea clasificada una gramínea?

2

¿Qué clase de raíces tienen todas las gramíneas?

3

Aproximadamente, ¿cuántas especies en todo el mundo hay en la familia de gramíneas llamadas Gramineae o Poaceae?

4

¿Las semillas de gramíneas tienen dos mitades al igual que el frijol (dicotiledón), o la semilla consiste en solamente una parte al igual que el lirio, el dátil y el coco (monocotiledón)?

5

¿Qué característica singular en el crecimiento de las hojas de las gramíneas hace posible que la planta florezca, aunque sea continuamente cortada o pastada?

6

Nombrar tres gramíneas anuales, es decir, los pastos que brotan de las semillas, florecen, dan semillas y luego se marchitan en el mismo verano.

7

Nombrar tres gramíneas perennes, es decir, gramíneas cuyas raíces están vivas de año en año, aunque la parte superior (tallo) se marchita cada otoño.

8

En cada uno de los siguientes casos nombrar una gramínea, o más si procede, donde indique de qué está fabricado el producto.

8a

El pan (tres gramíneas)

Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Corn

8b

Escobas

Broomsedge

8c

Cañas de pesca

Bamboo

8d

Gluten

Wheat, Rye, Barley

8e

Grano de alcohol (dos gramíneas)

Wheat, Rye, Corn

8f

Heno

Rye, Timothy, Brome, Fescue, Coastal Bermuda, Orchard grass

8g

Maíz machacado (pozole)

Maize (corn)

8h

Melaza

Sugarcane, Sorghum

8i

Avena

Oats

8j

Almidón

Corn, Rice, Wheat

8k

Azúcar

Sugarcane, Corn

8l

Harina blanca

Wheat

9

Realizar una de las siguientes actividades:

Review requirement 11 before starting on this one. If you follow requirement 11 as outlined, requirement 9a will be fulfilled.

9a

Recoger y etiquetar correctamente 10 pastos gramíneas cultivadas.

Cultivated grasses include the cereal grains as well as lawn grasses:

Grains

What, rye, oats, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, bamboo, etc.

Lawn Grasses

Bahia grass, Bermuda, Buffalo, Fescue, Kentucky Bluegrass, St Augustine, Zoysia, etc.

9b

Escribir en ensayo sobre los diversos usos de las gramíneas por diferentes personas en todo el mundo.

The most important use of grass in the world is as a food staple. Entire civilizations were founded on the ability to grow grain. Rice is used in Asia; wheat, rye, and oats in Europe and Africa, and corn in the Americas. Grass is also used as the main plant on lawns, as feed for livestock, in broom making, thatching, and for fuels (including biodiesel). Corn husks are used for making dolls as well as for cooking vessels (i.e., wrap the food in corn husks and place it on a bed of coals). Grass is also used for making clothing (hula skirts anyone?), mats, composting, mulching, bedding for humans and for livestock, and even as a primary building material in straw-bale construction. It was used in rope-making by the Incas in South America, and these ropes would then be used to build bridges spanning large canyons.

10

Prensar o secar, montar y etiquetar correctamente el tallo de la flor o los tallos de cinco semillas de gramíneas dañinas que son comúnmente consideradas como malas hierbas.

"Pestiferous" means "weedy" in this case, and you should keep in mind, that a weed is any species growing where it is not wanted by humans. Fescue in the flower bed is a weed. Fescue in the lawn is not. Use your own judgement as to what is and what is not a weed. Flower stalks should be pressed, and seed stalks should be dried. To press the flower stalks, place them between paper towels or some other absorbent material, then place between the pages of a heavy book. Close the book, and if desired, place the book at the bottom of a large stack of books. Another way to press them is to place the plants again between paper towels, then place that between two boards. Clamp the boards together. Whichever approach you use, leave the specimens there for several days. For drying, all you need to do is leave the grass in a dry environment - on top of a bookshelf or in a closet. As long as it is dry, the seed stalks will dry just fine. To mount the stalks, simply fasten them in place on a sheet of paper using transparent tape. This does not need to be nothing more than a spiral notebook, but if the Pathfinder wants to make it fancy, that should not be discouraged.

11

Además de su colección de semillas de flores o tallos de clase dañina, presnar, montar y nombrar correctamente las flores o las semillas de 10 tallos de gramíneas adicionales que crecen en su vecindario. Esta colección puede incluir algunas de las plantas cuyas semillas se encuentran en su colección de pastos cultivados.

This requirement is referring to an old version of requirement 9, which read as follows:

Because of their value as food for man and/or his domestic animals, about sixty species of grasses are cultivated in the United States. Make a collection of, and correctly label, the seeds of ten of these valuable species.

The main difference between this requirement and the current incarnation of requirement 9a, is that this requirement stipulates that the plants should be pressed or dried, and mounted, and that they be grown to your neighborhood. Therefore, if the plants collected in requirement 9a are collected from your neighborhood, and if they are pressed or dried and mounted, this requirement is already finished.

References