Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Aboriginal Lore/Answer Key"

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A '''bullroarer''' or '''turndun''' is an ancient ritual musical instrument and means of communicating over extended distances. [[Image:Music_insts_bullroarers2.jpg|frame|none|Jazz musician Rich Halley plays a bullroarer at an outdoor concert.]]
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'''Marn Grook''' (also spelt "marngrook") is an [[Australian Aborigine|Australian Aboriginal]] ball game, which is claimed had an influence on the modern game of [[Australian Rules Football]], most notably in the spectacular jumping and ''high marking'' (catching of the ball) exhibited by the players of both games. Some claim that the origin of the word "[[Mark (Australian football|mark]]" is derived from the Aboriginal word "mumarki" used in Marn Grook meaning "to catch". However the origin of the term mark actually comes from the practice of a player who has just taken a mark physically marking the ground with his foot to show where he took the fair catch.
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Meaning "Game ball", Marn Grook was a traditional game played at gatherings and celebrations of up to 50 players by the [[Djabwurrung]] and [[Jardwadjali]] people of western [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]].
  
It consists of a longish piece of [[rope|cord]] fixed to an [[oval]] piece of wood or other suitable material which usually is thicker in the center, and sharpish at the edges.
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In a [[1878]] book by [[Robert Brough-Smyth]], ''The Aborigines of Victoria'', Brough-Smyth refers to a man called Richard Thomas, (Aboriginal Protector) as saying in about [[1841]], that he had witnessed Aborigines playing the game:
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:''The men and boys joyfully assemble when this game is to be played. One makes a ball of possum skin, somewhat elastic, but firm and strong. The players of this game do not throw the ball as a white man might do, but drop it and at the same time kicks it with his foot. The tallest men have the best chances in this game. Some of them will leap as high as five feet from the ground to catch the ball. The person who secures the ball kicks it. This continues for hours and the natives never seem to tire of the exercise.''
  
The cord is given a slight initial twist, and the roarer is then waved in a large circle in a horizontal plane. The [[aerodynamics]] of the roarer will keep it spinning about its axis even after the initial twist has unwound. The cord winds fully first in one direction and then the other.
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[[Tom Wills]], who drew up the rules of Australian rules football, was raised in Victoria's western districts and is said to have regularly played with local Aboriginal children. He recalled watching a game in which they kicked a possum skin about the size of an orange stuffed with charcoal{{citation needed}}. The game was played between large groups on a totemic basis &mdash; the white cockatoos versus the black cockatoos, for example &mdash; with the greatest honour going to those who could leap or kick the highest.
  
It makes a characteristic roaring [[vibrato]] [[sound]] with notable modification from both [[Doppler effect]] and the changing speed of the roarer at different parts of its circuit. [[Image:Music_insts_bullroarers1.jpg |frame|none|Two jazz musicians play flat white bullroarers with red spots held on thin rope lines about eight feet long by spinning them quickly in circles.]]
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In [[2002]], in a game at [[Stadium Australia]], the [[Sydney Swans]] and [[Essendon Football Club]] began to compete for the '''''Marngrook Trophy''''', awarded after home-and-away matches each year between the two teams in the [[Australian Football League]]. However, the games are played under normal rules of the AFL, rather than anything approaching Marn Grook.  
  
By modifying the expansiveness of its circuit and the speed given it, the modulation of the sound can be controlled, making the coding of information possible. The low frequency component of the sound travels extremely long distances, especially on the wind.
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[[Category:Australian rules football]]
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[[Category:Sport in Australia]]
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[[Category:Traditional football]]
  
This instrument has been used by numerous early and traditional cultures in both the [[Northern Hemisphere|northern]] and [[southern hemisphere]]s but in the popular consciousness it is perhaps best known for its use by [[Australian Aborigine]]s (it is from one of their languages that the name ''turndun'' comes).
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Bullroarers are still considered to be sacred/secret by some Aboriginal tribes and are not allowed to be shown to women, children or outsiders. They are used in men's initiation ceremonies and the sound they produced is considered to represent the sound of the [[rainbow serpent|Rainbow Serpent]].
 
 
 
The bullroarer is sometimes used as a means of demonstrating the [[Doppler effect]], by using sound. As the instrument travels round, its sound goes up or down according to its speed, and distance from the hearer.
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Whirling aerophones]]
 
 
 
[[de:Schwirrholz]]
 
[[fr:Rhombe]]
 

Revision as of 01:37, 13 May 2006

Marn Grook (also spelt "marngrook") is an Australian Aboriginal ball game, which is claimed had an influence on the modern game of Australian Rules Football, most notably in the spectacular jumping and high marking (catching of the ball) exhibited by the players of both games. Some claim that the origin of the word "mark" is derived from the Aboriginal word "mumarki" used in Marn Grook meaning "to catch". However the origin of the term mark actually comes from the practice of a player who has just taken a mark physically marking the ground with his foot to show where he took the fair catch.

Meaning "Game ball", Marn Grook was a traditional game played at gatherings and celebrations of up to 50 players by the Djabwurrung and Jardwadjali people of western Victoria.

In a 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, Brough-Smyth refers to a man called Richard Thomas, (Aboriginal Protector) as saying in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aborigines playing the game:

The men and boys joyfully assemble when this game is to be played. One makes a ball of possum skin, somewhat elastic, but firm and strong. The players of this game do not throw the ball as a white man might do, but drop it and at the same time kicks it with his foot. The tallest men have the best chances in this game. Some of them will leap as high as five feet from the ground to catch the ball. The person who secures the ball kicks it. This continues for hours and the natives never seem to tire of the exercise.

Tom Wills, who drew up the rules of Australian rules football, was raised in Victoria's western districts and is said to have regularly played with local Aboriginal children. He recalled watching a game in which they kicked a possum skin about the size of an orange stuffed with charcoal[citation needed]. The game was played between large groups on a totemic basis — the white cockatoos versus the black cockatoos, for example — with the greatest honour going to those who could leap or kick the highest.

In 2002, in a game at Stadium Australia, the Sydney Swans and Essendon Football Club began to compete for the Marngrook Trophy, awarded after home-and-away matches each year between the two teams in the Australian Football League. However, the games are played under normal rules of the AFL, rather than anything approaching Marn Grook.

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