Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Aboriginal Lore/Answer Key"

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[[Image:Indig1.jpg|thumb|250px|A 19th century engraving showing Aboriginal people and humpy.]]
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[[Indigenous Australian]] peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. Below are a few examples.
  
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A '''humpy''' is a small temporary shelter made from bark and tree branches, traditionally used by [[Australian Aborigines]]. A standing tree is usually used as the main support. The word humpy comes from the [[Jagara]] language (a [[Murri]] people from [[Coorparoo]], [[Brisbane]]). Other [[Australian Aboriginal languages|language groups]] would have different names for the structure.
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==Central Australia==
  
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The word humpy was adopted by early white settlers, and now forms part of the [[Australian English vocabulary|Australian lexicon]]. Small impermanent dwellings, including of canvas, were often referred to as humpies.
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In [[Central Australia]], people used innovative means to obtain a balanced diet.
  
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It is sometimes called a [[lean-to]], since it relies on the tree for support.
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The food categories, and their [[Arrernte]] names are:
  
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In [[South Australia]], such a shelter is known as a '''Wurley''' (also spelled wurlie), possibly from the [[Kaurna]] language.<ref>Peters, Pam, The Cambridge Australian English Style Guide, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p818</ref>
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:{| class="wikitable"
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|- bgcolor=#efefef
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!Arrernte name
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!Foods
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!Examples
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|-
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|'''''Kere'''''
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|food from animals; [[meat]], fat, [[offal]], blood, eggs
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|''Kere arlewatyerre'' ([[goanna]]), ''Kere ulkerte'' ([[perentie]]), ''Kere arntetherrke'' ([[carpet snake]]), ''Kere aherre'' ([[kangaroo]]), ''Kere antenhe'' ([[possum]]), ''Kere inape'' (porcupine ([[echidna]])), ''Kere ankerre'' ([[emu]]).
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|-
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|'''''Merne'''''
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|food from plants; [[fruit]], [[vegetables]]
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|''Merne atwakeye'' ([[wild orange]]), ''Merne arrutnenge'' ([[wild passionfruit]]), ''Merne pmerlpe'' ([[quandong]]), ''Merne mwanyeme'' ([[bush tomato]]), ''Merne arnweketye'' ([[conkerberry]]), ''Merne alangkwe'' ([[bush banana]]), ''Merne arlatyeye'' ([[pencil yam]]).
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|-
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|'''''Ntange''''' (''Merne ntange'')
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|edible seeds
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|''Merne ntange ulyawe'' ([[Pigweed]] seed), ''Merne ntange arlepe'' ([[Prickly wattle]] seed), ''Merne ntange artetye'' ([[Mulga]] seed), ''Merne ntange arlketyerre'' ([[Dead finish]] seed). ''<br>(See also: [[seedcakes]])''
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|-
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|'''''Tyape'''''
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|edible grubs and insects; [[witchetty grub|witchetties]], [[cicada]]s,
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|''Tyape atnyematye'' ([[Witchetty grub]]), ''Tyape ahernenge'' ([[River red gum]] grub), ''Tyape ankerrutne'' ([[Coolibah]] tree grub), ''Tyape tyerraye'' ([[Cicada]]s), ''Tyape ayepe-arenye'' (Tar vine [[caterpillar]]s).
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|-
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|'''''[[Australian Aboriginal sweet foods|Ngkwarle]]'''''
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|honey-like foods; nectar, [[stingless bee|wild honey]], [[lerp (biology)|lerp]]s, gum
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|{{main|Australian Aboriginal sweet foods}}<br>''Ngkwarle athenge arlperle'' ([[Acacia estrophiolata|Ironwood]] tree gum), ''Ngkwarle alkerampwe'' ([[Mulga]] tree gum, ''Ngkwarle arlperrampwe'' ([[Whitewood]] tree gum, ''Ngkwarle atnyerampwe'' ([[Supplejack]] tree gum), ''Ngkwarle akikarre'' ([[Witchetty bush]] gum), ''Ngkwarle aperarnte'' ([[River Red gum]] honeydew, ''Ngkwarle yerrampe'', ([[Honeyant]]), ''Ngkwarle arwengalkere'' ([[Stingless bee|Native bee honey]]), Ngkwarle untyeyampe ([[Corkwood]] flower nectar).
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|}
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Some other category words from [[Arrernte]] that are used in relation to food include:
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*''Thipe '' fleshy flying creatures; birds (not emus), bats
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*''Kwatye'' water in any form, sources of water; water, rain, clouds
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*''Arne  '' trees, shrubs, bushes, woody plants, some grasses
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*''Ure  '' fire, things to do with fire.
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==Top End==
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In the [[Top End]], seafood plays an important part in the diet. The food groups and their [[Yolngu]] names are:
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:{| class="wikitable"
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|- bgcolor=#efefef
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|+'''''MARANHU'' (foods)'''
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!Yolŋu name
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!Foods
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|-
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|'''''Murnyaŋ'''''' </br>
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(plant or vegetable food)</br>
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Alternative names: '''''Dhäka<u>d</u>atj; Ŋayaŋay', Buku-bira''''''
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|'''''Gonyil'''''</br>
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(meat, shellfish, eggs)</br>
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Alternative names: '''''Matha-yal, Merrpal'Matha-bira,</br> Ŋä<u>n</u>arr-yal'''''
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|-
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|'''1. ''Borum'''''— fruits
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|'''1. ''Warrakan''''''— land animals and birds
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|-
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|'''2. ''Guku'''''— bee products
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|'''2. ''Miyapunu'''''— marine mammals
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|-
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|'''3. ''Ŋatha'''''— root foods
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|'''3. ''Maranydjalk'''''— rays and [[shark]]s
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|-
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|'''4. ''Manutji Ŋatha'''''— seeds
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|'''4. ''Guya'''''— [[fish]]
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|-
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|'''5. ''Mudhuŋay'''''— [[cycad]] foodstuffs
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|'''5. ''Maypal'''''— [[shellfish]], crabs
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|-
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|
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|'''6. ''Mapu'''''— eggs
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|}
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The old people would talk about the need to eat from both ''murŋyan''' and ''gonyil'' food groups and the need to supplement their diet with ''gapu'' (fresh water). While this balance was maintained, the people knew they were eating correctly.<ref> Richard Trudgen, below</ref>
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When the men would come back from the [[magpie goose]] hunt, they would be craving ''murnyaŋ'' foods after having eaten so much meat and eggs. While the women, children and old people back in the camps would be looking forward to ''gonyil'', Magpie goose meat and eggs, after eating so much ''murnyaŋ'''.<ref>Thomson, Donald and Peterson, Nicolas, ''Donald Thomson in Arnhem Land'', [[Miegunyah Press]], 2003, ISBN 0-522-85063-4, p 158.</ref>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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*[[Indigenous Australians]]
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* [[Bush tucker]]
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*[[List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin]]
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* [[Australian Aboriginal sweet foods]]
  
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==External links==
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==References==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
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*[http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/pictoria/a/0/9/doc/a09287.shtml State Library of Victoria photo of Aboriginal people and humpy]
 
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*[http://www.abc.net.au/queensland/federation/stories/s427956.htm article on early white settlers making humpies]
 
  
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{{IndigenousAustralia-stub}}
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==Further reading==
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[[Category:Australian English]]
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*Trudgen, Richard, ''Why Warriors Lie Down and Die'', ARDS, Darwin, 1996, ISBN 0-646-39587-4, p 140
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*Turner, Margaret-Mary, ''Arrernte Foods, Foods from Central Australia'', IAD Press, Alice Springs, 1994, ISBN 0-949659-76-2 pviii
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[[Category:Bushfood]]
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[[Category:Australian Aboriginal culture]]
 
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft]]
 
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft]]
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[[Category:Australian Aboriginal culture]]
 
 
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal terms]]
 
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal terms]]
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[[Category:shelter]]
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[[Category:Nutrition]]
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[[Category:Buildings and structures]]
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[[Category:Diets]]
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[[Category:Human habitats]]
 

Revision as of 01:01, 24 December 2006

Indigenous Australian peoples traditionally classified food sources in a methodical way. Below are a few examples.

Central Australia

In Central Australia, people used innovative means to obtain a balanced diet.

The food categories, and their Arrernte names are:

Arrernte name Foods Examples
Kere food from animals; meat, fat, offal, blood, eggs Kere arlewatyerre (goanna), Kere ulkerte (perentie), Kere arntetherrke (carpet snake), Kere aherre (kangaroo), Kere antenhe (possum), Kere inape (porcupine (echidna)), Kere ankerre (emu).
Merne food from plants; fruit, vegetables Merne atwakeye (wild orange), Merne arrutnenge (wild passionfruit), Merne pmerlpe (quandong), Merne mwanyeme (bush tomato), Merne arnweketye (conkerberry), Merne alangkwe (bush banana), Merne arlatyeye (pencil yam).
Ntange (Merne ntange) edible seeds Merne ntange ulyawe (Pigweed seed), Merne ntange arlepe (Prickly wattle seed), Merne ntange artetye (Mulga seed), Merne ntange arlketyerre (Dead finish seed).
(See also: seedcakes)
Tyape edible grubs and insects; witchetties, cicadas, Tyape atnyematye (Witchetty grub), Tyape ahernenge (River red gum grub), Tyape ankerrutne (Coolibah tree grub), Tyape tyerraye (Cicadas), Tyape ayepe-arenye (Tar vine caterpillars).
Ngkwarle honey-like foods; nectar, wild honey, lerps, gum Template:Main
Ngkwarle athenge arlperle (Ironwood tree gum), Ngkwarle alkerampwe (Mulga tree gum, Ngkwarle arlperrampwe (Whitewood tree gum, Ngkwarle atnyerampwe (Supplejack tree gum), Ngkwarle akikarre (Witchetty bush gum), Ngkwarle aperarnte (River Red gum honeydew, Ngkwarle yerrampe, (Honeyant), Ngkwarle arwengalkere (Native bee honey), Ngkwarle untyeyampe (Corkwood flower nectar).

Some other category words from Arrernte that are used in relation to food include:

  • Thipe fleshy flying creatures; birds (not emus), bats
  • Kwatye water in any form, sources of water; water, rain, clouds
  • Arne trees, shrubs, bushes, woody plants, some grasses
  • Ure fire, things to do with fire.

Top End

In the Top End, seafood plays an important part in the diet. The food groups and their Yolngu names are:

MARANHU (foods)
Yolŋu name Foods
Murnyaŋ'

(plant or vegetable food)
Alternative names: Dhäkadatj; Ŋayaŋay', Buku-bira'

Gonyil

(meat, shellfish, eggs)
Alternative names: Matha-yal, Merrpal'Matha-bira,
Ŋänarr-yal

1. Borum— fruits 1. Warrakan'— land animals and birds
2. Guku— bee products 2. Miyapunu— marine mammals
3. Ŋatha— root foods 3. Maranydjalk— rays and sharks
4. Manutji Ŋatha— seeds 4. Guya— fish
5. Mudhuŋay— cycad foodstuffs 5. Maypal— shellfish, crabs
6. Mapu— eggs

The old people would talk about the need to eat from both murŋyan' and gonyil food groups and the need to supplement their diet with gapu (fresh water). While this balance was maintained, the people knew they were eating correctly.&

When the men would come back from the magpie goose hunt, they would be craving murnyaŋ foods after having eaten so much meat and eggs. While the women, children and old people back in the camps would be looking forward to gonyil, Magpie goose meat and eggs, after eating so much murnyaŋ'.&

See also

References

  1. ↑ Richard Trudgen, below
  2. ↑ Thomson, Donald and Peterson, Nicolas, Donald Thomson in Arnhem Land, Miegunyah Press, 2003, ISBN 0-522-85063-4, p 158.

Further reading

  • Trudgen, Richard, Why Warriors Lie Down and Die, ARDS, Darwin, 1996, ISBN 0-646-39587-4, p 140
  • Turner, Margaret-Mary, Arrernte Foods, Foods from Central Australia, IAD Press, Alice Springs, 1994, ISBN 0-949659-76-2 pviii
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