AY Honors/Administration/Answer Key
1. Define administration and what is its importance in the different aspects of daily life.
2. Define the following terms of administration:
a. Accrue
b. Organize
c. Command
d. Coordinate
e. Control
3. Tell the difference between efficient and effective.
4. According to Maslow's theory of motivation, human needs as are organized and arranged in a hierarchy of levels of importance and influence. Explain these needs, also known as Maslow's pyramid.
5. Leadership is present in many moments of life. Write an essay (of 20 to 40 lines) describing the importance of leadership in administration.
6. Make a flow chart of the organization of the Pathfinder club, in all its levels (worldly and nationally), highlighting the club you belong to.
7. Define planning and its importance in the Pathfinder club.
8. Develop a year plan of Pathfinder activities, including plans for the regular and advanced classes, containing goals, strategies, action plans and ways to control each stage. Execute this plan for at least 6 months.
9. Define the MASP (Method of Analysis and Solutions to Problems) method and discuss the importance of analyzing problems a club faces and finding solutions.
MASP (Método de Análise e Solução de Problemas), often translated as either Method for Analysis and Solutions to Problems, or Method of Analysis and Troubleshooting (MAT), is a method of assessing and resolving problems in organizations popularized primarily in Brazil. MASP is a variant of the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) or PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) method of problem solving, often comprising an eight step process that begins with looking at behavior, actions or outcomes that need adjusted, and then proceeds to find and implement solutions, while also monitoring the overall effectiveness.
A general MASP process comprises eight steps.
1. Identify the Problem: What specifically is the behavior, attitude, or outcome that needs changed. Be clear, concise, and focused at this step. You cannot change everything at once, so start with the most significant or most troubling.
2. Observe/Study the Problem: What are the main characteristics of the problem? How is it manifest? What are the component parts?
3. Analyze the Problem: What is the root cause of the problem? Again, it is important here to be very specific. List several assumed causes of the problem, then work through each one analytically to try and identify the center of gravity, the core issue that, if adjusted, could lead to a more positive outcome.
4. Build a Plan of Action: What are you going to do to address the root cause of the problem? Be clear about the strategies to employ to accomplish change, don’t just say the plan is to change. How can you change certain behavior, actions, underlying causes?
5. Take Action: Communicate the plan. Communication is key to effective action. Execute the action. Don’t just say change is needed, act on it, and ensure others are acting as well. It is very easy to slip back into old patterns, or to too quickly assume changes will not be effective.
6. Verify the Impact: Keep track of what is changing, both in regards to the root cause, and to the outcome. Are the expectations of change being met? In what ways? How are they not being met? Identify and remove blocks to change, revise the action plan as needed.
7. Standardization: Once you have found the new set of actions and methods that lead to the desired changed outcome, standardize these actions. Clearly identify the new pattern of behavior, process or actions, and communicate these throughout the organization. Be sure they are understood and applied.
8. Conclusion: Review the steps of the process, review the application and changes, and assess where the process could have been better, more effective, or less disruptive (though at times being disruptive is necessary to effect change). Look for lessons to apply moving forward.
MASP is useful for mid- to long-term adjustments in structure to achieve a desired outcome. The shorter-term PDSA method may also be useful, particularly to keep in mind when rapid mid-course corrections are needed.
PDSA begins first with a basic set of questions. What am I trying to change, how can I change it, how will I know when the desired effect has taken place. Think of PDSA as a loop, rather than a linear process.
1. PLAN: What will you do differently in your process to achieve the desired outcome. Be sure to communicate clearly the plan and the desired outcome.
2. DO: Carry out a small-scale test of the plan. See how it works. Is it beginning to bring about the changes desired?
3. STUDY: What are the effects of the changes? Are they meeting expectations? Where can they be adjusted to be more effective? Are these the right changes to be made to achieve the desired outcome?
4. ACT: Implement the adjusted changes on a larger scale. At this point, you can return to Step 1, and continue through the cycle. As noted above, PDSA serves asa rapid cycle process, so it may be run numerous times to be most effective, or can be used in rapidly changing situations.
10. Find a Bible study that shows the importance of administration.
Exodus Chapter 18 provides a good lesson in administration, problem solving, and effective delegation, and serves as a good guide for leaders.
