Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Camping Skills III/Answer Key"

A tool can be sharpened with a whetstone. Most whetstones need to be kept wet when they are in use - some are wet with water and others are wet with oil. Stones with finer grain typically use oil, but you can use water on them as well. The purpose of wetting a whetstone is to allow the steel removed from the blade to float away. The finer the stone, the finer the edge it will make on a tool, but the longer it will take to sharpen it. For this reason, a very dull tool should be sharpened first with a coarser stone, and then with a finer stone. Then it should be kept sharp. You can keep a blade sharp by respecting it - do not chop into the ground with a hatchet, and to not stick a knife blade in the ground either. Dirt is highly abrasive, and a rock will ding the edge very quickly. Close a pocket knife when you are finished using it, and do not allow the business end of a blade to touch anything other than the things you are trying to cut with it.

Hatchet

It is tempting to take a dull hatchet to a power grinder, but unless you are very careful, this could be a huge mistake. A grinder will not only remove steel from a blade, it will also heat it. It is very easy to heat it too much, causing the steel to lose its temper (tempered steel is hard and holds an edge better than untempered steel). Steel is tempered by heating it to the point that it becomes non-magnetic, then quickly cooling it. If it is allowed to cool slowly, the iron crystals in the blade will align themselves with the Earth's magnetic field as they cool, and aligned crystals make for soft steel. So the first advice we can give on sharpening a hatchet is to stay away from the grinder.

Instead, use a file or a stone. Hold the file so that it passes over the edge of the blade, but at a steep angle. Sharpen one side, and then the other.

Knife

To sharpen a knife, hold the blade at about a 15° angle and scrape it along a whetstone as if you were trying to shave off a thin layer of the stone. Be sure to sharpen both sides.

7. Cook a one-pot meal using fresh or dried food.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/One-pot meal

8. Describe the various types of tents and their uses.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Tent/Styles

9. How does condensation occur in tents, and how can it be prevented?

Each breath a person exhales contains water because of the moisture content of the lungs, throat, mouth and nasal cavity. This moisture rises until it comes in contact with a cool surface such as the inside of the tent, where it condenses.

A good tent will be made of breathable material that allows the moisture to pass through (such as a nylon mesh), and there will be a rain fly on the outside to keep rain out of the tent. Water vapor passes through the mesh and condenses on the fly. It then runs off the underside of the fly and drips off the edge outside the tent.

10. Demonstrate your ability to anchor a tent down, using the taut-line hitch and two half hitches.

Taut-Line Hitch

Template:Knot taut-line hitch

Two Half Hitches

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Two half hitches

11. While camping, plan and give a ten-minute devotional or organize and lead a nature or Bible game or lead out in Sabbath School, camp church, or camp vespers.

This is your activity.

12. Properly locate and build one of the following and describe its importance to the individual and the environment:

You should take into consideration where your sleeping area(s) are in relation to these water-related areas. Specifically, water flows downhill, so, you do not want water runoff from the 'sink and dishwashing' or 'shower water' flowing to your sleeping area(s).

Also, the location of the 'latrine' should be considered depending on where you get your water source. For example, you do not want to put the 'latrine' upstream and take your shower and wash your dishes downstream. But pay attention! Just because your latrine is downstream and downhill from you does not mean it is downstream and downhill from other campers. Be considerate. A latrine should never be located within 60 meters of any water supply.

a. Camp sink and dishwashing area

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/CampSink

b. Latrine

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Latrine

c. Shower

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/CampShower

13. Demonstrate four basic lashings and construct a simple object using these lashings.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Square
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Diagonal
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Sheer
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Lashing/Continuous

14. Know how to replace the mantels on a camp lantern. Demonstrate how to refill gas in a camp lantern and stove. Know how to maintain the pressure pump on a camp stove in good working order.

Replace Mantel on Camp Lantern

Kerosene Lantern

As with most things, practice and repetition makes a task simple.

Turn OFF the gas valve completely.
Remove the lantern cover and the glass covering. Place these in a safe and stable place.
Remove any remains of the old mantel. Do this carefully if the lantern is still HOT.
Tie the new mantel in place on the gas pipe. There is a string around the collar that slips over the gas pipe.
Pressurize the gas tank.
Hold a lighted match near the mantel and turn on the gas valve. The mantel should begin to burn.
Replace the glass cover and the lantern cover.
Open the gas valve completely when the mantel starts to glow brightly.

Demonstrate refilling gas in a Lantern and Stove

Propane Cylinder

Single-use cartridge containing a mixture of 20% propane / 80% butane

Be sure not to spill any fuel, or if you do, make sure you clean up properly.

Maintain Pressure Pump on a Camp Stove

Kerosene pressure stove. The pressurising pump knob is protruding from the fuel tank at the lower right.

Most stoves can use either liquid or gas fuel. Gas-fuel stoves are simpler to operate than liquid fueled stoves. The gas, being already pressurized, flows from the fuel canister into the burner, where it ignites, in the same manner as a domestic kitchen stove.

Liquid-fuel stoves are more complex because the liquid fuel must be vaporized prior to burning. To accomplish this, the stove design brings the fuel line containing the liquid fuel near the flame of the burner. The heat from the flames converts the liquid fuel to a gas before it reaches the burner, where it mixes with air and is ignited. Some models use a spray system which does not require preheating.

Most stoves operating with liquid fuels must be heated or primed before the burner is turned on. Many stoves require the operator to open the fuel valve briefly without igniting the fuel, so that it flows into a small pan. This small quantity of fuel is then lit and allowed to burn down. When the fuel valve is opened again, the fuel vaporizes from the heat of the pan. Some stoves do not have this apparatus, and must be preheated by the application of an external heat source such as a solid fuel block.

In many stoves, the priming pressure is generated by a small hand pump that forces air into the fuel container. As the fuel is consumed, the pressure decreases according to Boyle's Law, so the pump must be operated occasionally during use to maintain steady stove operation.

In the picture (above/right), the pressure pump knob is also the cover to the fuel tank. This MUST fit on the tank properly. If this cover is not correctly fitted, you cannot pressurize the stove. You would pressurize the tank by operating the pump several times before lighting the stove. During the course of use, you will need to operate the pump again, to maintain the pressure in the tank.

Note: The tent color for Camping Skills #3 is green.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Colors

References

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 ==10. Demonstrate your ability to anchor a tent down, using the taut-line hitch and two half hitches. ==
-The '''[[W:Taut-line_hitch|Taut Line Hitch]]''' is an adjustable loop knot for use on lines under tension. It is useful when the length of a line will need to be periodically adjusted in order to maintain tension. It is made by tying a Rolling hitch around the standing part after passing around an anchor object. Tension is maintained by sliding the hitch to adjust size of the loop, thus changing the effective length of the standing part without retying the knot.
+===Taut-Line Hitch===
+{{Knot taut-line hitch}}
+<br style="clear:both">
+===Two Half Hitches===
+{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Two half hitches}}
-It is typically used for securing tent lines in outdoor activities involving camping, by arborists when climbing trees, for creating adjustable moorings in tidal areas, and to secure loads on vehicles. A versatile knot, the Taut-line hitch was even used by astronauts during STS-82, the second Space Shuttle mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
+==11. While camping, plan and give a ten-minute devotional or organize and lead a nature or Bible game or lead out in Sabbath School, camp church, or camp vespers. ==
-[[Image:TautlineHitch-ABOK-1800.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Taut Line Hitch]]
+: ''This is your activity''.
-#Pass the working end around the anchor object. Bring it back along side of the standing part and make a half-hitch around the standing part.
-#Continue with another wrap inside the loop, effectively making a round turn around the standing part.
-#Complete with a half-hitch outside the loop, made in the same direction as the first two wraps, as for a clove hitch.
-#Dress by snugging the hitch firmly around the standing part. Load slowly and adjust as necessary.
-[[Image:Halvesteek.svg|thumb|left|100px|Half Hitch]]
-The '''[[W:Half_hitch|Half Hitch]]''' is a simple knot. If tied by itself, it slips very easily and cannot hold anything. However, it occurs as a component in many more complicated knots.
-<br style="clear:both">
-==11. While camping, plan and give a ten-minute devotional or organize and lead a nature or Bible game or lead out in Sabbath School, camp church, or camp vespers. ==
 ==12. Properly locate and build one of the following and describe its importance to the individual and the environment: ==
@@ Line 117: / Line 108: @@
 <br style="clear:both">
 ==14. Know how to replace the mantels on a camp lantern. Demonstrate how to refill gas in a camp lantern and stove. Know how to maintain the pressure pump on a camp stove in good working order. ==
+===Replace Mantel on Camp Lantern===
+[[Image:Tranby house 49 gnangarra.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kerosene Lantern]]
+:''As with most things, practice and repetition makes a task simple''.
+:# Turn OFF the gas valve completely.
+:# Remove the lantern cover and the glass covering. Place these in a safe and stable place.
+:# Remove any remains of the old mantel. ''Do this carefully if the lantern is still '''HOT'''.''
+:# Tie the new mantel in place on the gas pipe. There is a string around the collar that slips over the gas pipe.
+:# Pressurize the gas tank.
+:# Hold a lighted match near the mantel and turn on the gas valve. The mantel should begin to burn.
+:# Replace the glass cover and the lantern cover.
+:# Open the gas valve completely when the mantel starts to glow brightly.
+<br style="clear:both">
+===Demonstrate refilling gas in a Lantern and Stove===
+[[Image:Propanecylinder.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Propane Cylinder]]
+[[Image:Camping gaz.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Single-use cartridge containing a mixture of 20% propane / 80% butane]]
+:Be sure not to spill any fuel, or if you do, make sure you clean up properly.
+<br style="clear:both">
+===Maintain Pressure Pump on a Camp Stove===
+[[Image:Kerosene stove.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kerosene pressure stove. The pressurising pump knob is protruding from the fuel tank at the lower right.]]
+:Most stoves can use either liquid or gas fuel. Gas-fuel stoves are simpler to operate than liquid fueled stoves. The gas, being already pressurized, flows from the fuel canister into the burner, where it ignites, in the same manner as a domestic kitchen stove.
+:Liquid-fuel stoves are more complex because the liquid fuel must be vaporized prior to burning. To accomplish this, the stove design brings the fuel line containing the liquid fuel near the flame of the burner. The heat from the flames converts the liquid fuel to a gas before it reaches the burner, where it mixes with air and is ignited. Some models use a spray system which does not require preheating.
+:Most stoves operating with liquid fuels must be heated or primed before the burner is turned on. Many stoves require the operator to open the fuel valve briefly without igniting the fuel, so that it flows into a small pan. This small quantity of fuel is then lit and allowed to burn down. When the fuel valve is opened again, the fuel vaporizes from the heat of the pan. Some stoves do not have this apparatus, and must be preheated by the application of an external heat source such as a solid fuel block.
+:In many stoves, the priming pressure is generated by a small hand pump that forces air into the fuel container. As the fuel is consumed, the pressure decreases according to Boyle's Law, so the pump must be operated occasionally during use to maintain steady stove operation.
+:''In the picture (above/right), '''the pressure pump''' knob is also the cover to the fuel tank. This '''MUST''' fit on the tank properly. If this cover is not correctly fitted, you cannot pressurize the stove. You would pressurize the tank by operating the pump several times before lighting the stove. During the course of use, you will need to operate the pump again, to maintain the pressure in the tank.''
 ==Note: The tent color for Camping Skills #3 is green. ==
 {{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Colors}}

Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Camping Skills III/Answer Key"

Revision as of 02:25, 20 June 2007

1. Be at least in the 7th grade.

2. Review six points in the selection of a good campsite. Review the safety rules of firebuilding.

Campsite Selection

Fire Safety

3. Go on a weekend campout.

4. Lay the following three fires and tell their uses:

a. Hunter's fire

b. Reflector fire

c. Star fire

5. Know six ways to start a fire without a match. Build a campfire using one of these:

a. Compressed air

b. Curved glass

c. Flint

d. Friction

e. Metal match

f. Spark

6. Know how to properly sharpen a hatchet and knife.