Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Conflict Resolution/Answer Key"

From Pathfinder Wiki
< AY Honors‎ | Conflict ResolutionAY Honors/Conflict Resolution/Answer Key
(added link)
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Active listening''' is an intent to "[[Hearing (sense)|listen]] for meaning". 
+
{{honor_header|3|2005|ADRA|General Conference}}
  
==Purpose==
+
== 1. Be at least in the 10th grade. ==
When [[Interaction|interacting]], people often are not listening attentively to one another. They may be distracted, thinking about other things, or thinking about what they are going to say next, (the latter case is particularly true in [[conflict]] situations or disagreements).
+
This will be for those in 10th grade/Sophomore in high school or at least 15 years of age in a location where such school grades have no equivalent or for home school and non-schooled children.  *This Honor will require an instructor. Contact your church Counselor or conference office for assistance or ACS or ADRA for a trainer for Crisis Intervention or Grief Counseling.
  
Active listening is a structured way of listening and responding to others. It focuses attention on the speaker. Suspending one’s own frame of reference and suspending judgment are important in order to fully [[Attention|attend]] to the speaker.
+
== 2. Explain how Christ encouraged people in crisis in at least two of the following Bible stories. Identify the nature of the crisis or human needs in each story that you explain. ==
 +
=== a. John 8:1-11 ===
 +
{{Bible verse
 +
|book = John
 +
|chapter=8
 +
|verse=1:11
 +
|version = NIV
 +
|text=<br>
 +
<sup>1</sup>But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. <sup>2</sup>At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts, where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. <sup>3</sup>The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group <sup>4</sup>and said to Jesus, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. <sup>5</sup>In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" <sup>6</sup>They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him.
  
==Tactics==
+
But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. <sup>7</sup>When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, "If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her." <sup>8</sup>Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground.
It is important to observe the other person's [[behavior]] and [[body language]]. Having heard, the listener may then [[paraphrase]] the speaker’s words. It is important to note that the listener is not necessarily agreeing with the speaker&mdash;simply stating what was said. In [[emotion]]ally charged [[communication]]s, the listener may listen for [[feelings]]. Thus, rather than merely repeating what the speaker has said, the active listener might describe the underlying emotion (“you seem to feel angry” or “you seem to feel frustrated, is that because…?”).
 
  
Individuals in conflict often [[Contradiction|contradict]] one another.  This has the effect of denying the validity of the other person’s position. Either party may react [[self-defense|defensive]]ly, and they may lash out or withdraw. On the other hand, if one finds that the other partly understands, an atmosphere of [[cooperation]] can be created.  This increases the possibility of [[Collaboration|collaborating]] and resolving the conflict.
+
<sup>9</sup>At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. <sup>10</sup>Jesus straightened up and asked her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?"
  
==Use==
+
<sup>11</sup>"No one, sir," she said.
Active listening is used in a wide variety of situations, including [[tutoring]],<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1115096 | title = Roles and responsibilities of the problem based learning tutor in the undergraduate medical curriculum | author = Gillian Maudsley | date = 1999 March 6 | volume = 318 | issue = 7184 | pages = 657–661 | journal = British Medical Journal | pmid = 10066213 }}</ref> medical workers talking to patients,<ref name="floyd">{{cite journal |author=Lang F, Floyd MR, Beine KL |title=Clues to patients' explanations and concerns about their illnesses. A call for active listening |journal=Arch Fam Med |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=222–7 |year=2000 |pmid=10728107 |doi=10.1001/archfami.9.3.222}}</ref> [[HIV]] counseling,<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/102211101.html | title = HIV counselling skills used by health care workers in Zambia (abstract no. PD0743) | author = Baxter P, Campbell T. | journal = Int Conf AIDS | date = 1994 Aug 7-12 | volume = 10 | issue = 390}}</ref> helping [[suicidal]] persons,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Laflamme G |title=[Helping suicidal persons by active listening] |language=French |journal=Infirm Que |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=35 |year=1996 |pmid=9147668 |doi=}}</ref> management,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mineyama S, Tsutsumi A, Takao S, Nishiuchi K, Kawakami N |title=Supervisors' attitudes and skills for active listening with regard to working conditions and psychological stress reactions among subordinate workers |journal=J Occup Health |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=81–7 |year=2007 |pmid=17429164 |doi=}}</ref> [[counseling]] and [[Journalism|journalistic]] settingsIn groups it may aid in reaching [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]]It may also be used in casual conversation to build understanding, though this can be interpreted as condescending.  
+
:"Then neither do I condemn you," Jesus declared. "Go now and leave your life of sin."
 +
}}
 +
The woman in this story was Mary Magdalene, and she was certainly experiencing a crisis. Not only was she publicly shamed, but her very life was threatened. The trap laid by the Pharisees here was that Mosaic Law called for the execution of an adultress, but under Roman Law, the decision to execute was reserved for the Roman governorsIf Jesus were to agree that she should be executed, they would have turned Him in to the Roman authorities for usurping their authorityBut if He disagreed with the death sentence, they would have "proven" that he did not keep the Mosaic Law.
  
The benefits of active listening include getting people to open up, avoiding misunderstandings, resolving conflict and building [[Trust (sociology)|trust]].
+
Jesus saw this trap immediately, but His main concern was not for himself but for Mary Magdelene.  Yes, she had sinned, but so have we all. Jesus extricated Himself from the trap while showing tenderness to her.  His scratchings in the dirt was a list of "secret" sins committed by her accusers.  He continued outlining these sins until all the accusers drifted away, eager for their own sins to be kept secret.
In a medical context, benefits may include increased patient satisfaction,<ref name="floyd" /> improving cross-cultural communication,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Davidhizar R |title=Listening--a nursing strategy to transcend culture |journal=J Pract Nurs |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=22–4; quiz 26–7 |year=2004 |pmid=15460343 |doi=}}</ref> improved outcomes,<ref name="floyd" /> or decreased [[litigation]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Robertson K |title=Active listening: more than just paying attention |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1053–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16333490 |doi=}}</ref>.
 
  
Active listening can be measured by the Active Listening Observation Scale.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fassaert T, van Dulmen S, Schellevis F, Bensing J |title=Active listening in medical consultations: development of the Active Listening Observation Scale (ALOS-global) |journal=Patient Educ Couns |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=258–64 |year=2007 |pmid=17689042 |doi=10.1016/j.pec.2007.06.011}}</ref>
+
Finally, He turned to Mary and forgave her of her sins. She followed Him devoutly after this incident.
  
==See also==
+
=== b. Matthew 18: 1-6 ===
* [[Informational listening]]
+
=== c. John 4: 1-26 ===
 +
=== d. John 1:35-42 ===
 +
=== e. Mark 2:13-17 ===
 +
=== f. Acts 9 ===
  
==References==
+
== 3. Describe for your instructor some of the human needs and crisis situations that teenagers in your community face today. Describe some of the crisis situations that families face. This may be done in a group discussion setting. ==
<references/>
+
Often in any crisis whether it be a wide area disaster or the loss of a close family member the emotional crisis can be devastating to an individual.  Not all people are emotionally equipped to react and continue to even function when facing what many would call an overwhelming situation.  For these people imediate assistance is needed as they may have frozen themselves in a dangerous location, may become depressed even to the point of suicidal or may react in outrage and violent fashion.
  
==External links==
+
To help to bring these reactions to a close or to a point controllable first the person must be helped to a place physically and mentally where they are not in imediate danger and they must be helped to realize this. In the case of the loss of a parent this may mean that the teen is helped to realize that they have many friends, and family, a community that will help them to go on and provide for their needs.
* [http://www.personadev.com/2008/02/09/10-tips-to-be-a-better-listener/ How to Be a Better Listener] - An article from PersonaDev.com with the 10 best ways to increase your active listening abilities.
 
*[http://www.mind-gliding.co.uk/articles/ActiveListening.htm Active Listening - Hear What People are Really Saying] a Mind Gliding article.
 
* [http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/activel.htm Active Listening] International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict: Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA
 
* [http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7article/article40.htm Empathic listening skills] How to listen so others will feel heard, or listening first aid (University of California). Download a one hour seminar on empathic listening and attending skills.
 
* [http://crs.uvm.edu/gopher/nerl/personal/comm/e.html Exercise 4 — Active Listening], Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont, Montpelier
 
* [http://communication-skills-4confidence.com/active-listening.html  What is active listening?]
 
* [http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/HE361 Active listening: A communication tool]
 
* [http://www.listen.org  Homepage of the International Listening Association] The professional organization whose members are dedicated to learning more about the impact that listening has on all human activity
 
* [http://www.salesconcepts.com/nl0698c.htm Guidelines for Active Listening and Reflection]
 
* [http://www.freewebs.com/listening-skills  Listening Skills] Great information and tips on becoming a better listener
 
* [http://www.geocities.com/workplacecommunication Workplace Listening & Nonverbal Communication]
 
[[Category:Hearing]]
 
[[Category:Interpersonal conflict]]
 
  
<!-- interwiki -->
+
The human needs of any individual start with the same basics: shelter, water, and food.  As Christians we recognize the need first for God and our relationship with Him and will remind those we help to keep this need first in all things.  Beyond these basic needs there are possibly physical, medical, and emotional support needs that will be considered.  A person injured in the fire that has destroyed his home needs medical attention before he needs emotional support (although the two may come nearly simultaniously at times).  In professional occupations that deal with high stress matters or regular human suffering the emotional support to follow is most often called Critical Incident Stress Debriefing.  This is a form of counseling that is important not only to professionals like firefighters but also to families and communities in need.
  
[[de:Aktives Zuhören]]
+
The stress of an incident can be overwhelming and may manifest itself some great time later or be a fixture in a person's actions and outlook to life. Although not all people are affected by such stress it is best to see to the potential needs of a person in crisis to avert the possible self destruction that may come.  In this we consider not only what a person says they are feeling and facing, not only what they have gone through, but in the long term what they are like today vs. the person they were before their crisis.
[[hr:Aktivno slušanje]]
+
 
[[hu:Aktív hallgatás]]
+
In immediate intervention you will be a shoulder to lean on, someone to offer support, to be yelled at, to be cried to.  You will offer encouragement and help to arrange for those basic needs of shelter, water, and food.  You will report to your "supervisor" in intervention any issue you observe that may need to be referred to professional counseling.  You will be a friend.
[[nl:Actief luisteren]]
+
 
[[fi:Aktiivinen kuuntelu]]
+
Families face a variety of crisis situations and some things that some may not consider to be a crisis can be devastating.  For this purpose we will list common crisis situations:
 +
*House fire
 +
*Death of a loved one
 +
*Loss of income
 +
*Terminal disease
 +
*Birth Defects
 +
*Multiple Births (quintuplets for example, imagine five kids at one time could be stressful)
 +
*Serious Injury
 +
*Natural Disaster
 +
 
 +
== 4. Discuss your own motives for wanting to help your friends when they face personal or family crisis. What about strangers? This may be done in a group discussion setting. ==
 +
== 5. Describe the types of human needs and give a real-life example of each. ==
 +
== 6. Explain the steps in crisis intervention process and apply each step to a case study supplied by your instructor. ==
 +
== 7. Demonstrate a grasp of basic listening skills by conducting an interview of at least 30 minutes duration. This interview must either be observed by an observer who can recognize listening skills, or taped for review by your instructor. The interview does not have to be with a person who is in crisis, but it must be a real conversation not pretend or role-playing. ==
 +
== 8. Explain how to make a referral to a professional counselor or pastor. ==
 +
== References ==
 +
''How to Help a Friend'' (second edition) by Paul Welter, Tyndale House, Wheaton, Illinois (1991)
 +
 
 +
''Christ-Centered Caring'' by Ronaele Whittington, AdventSource, Lincoln, Nebraska (1990)
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]

Revision as of 01:15, 19 September 2008

Template:Honor header

1. Be at least in the 10th grade.

This will be for those in 10th grade/Sophomore in high school or at least 15 years of age in a location where such school grades have no equivalent or for home school and non-schooled children. *This Honor will require an instructor. Contact your church Counselor or conference office for assistance or ACS or ADRA for a trainer for Crisis Intervention or Grief Counseling.

2. Explain how Christ encouraged people in crisis in at least two of the following Bible stories. Identify the nature of the crisis or human needs in each story that you explain.

a. John 8:1-11



1But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. 2At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts, where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. 3The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group 4and said to Jesus, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. 5In the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?" 6They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him.

But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. 7When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, "If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her." 8Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground.

9At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. 10Jesus straightened up and asked her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?"

11"No one, sir," she said.

"Then neither do I condemn you," Jesus declared. "Go now and leave your life of sin."
John 8:1:11 (NIV)

The woman in this story was Mary Magdalene, and she was certainly experiencing a crisis. Not only was she publicly shamed, but her very life was threatened. The trap laid by the Pharisees here was that Mosaic Law called for the execution of an adultress, but under Roman Law, the decision to execute was reserved for the Roman governors. If Jesus were to agree that she should be executed, they would have turned Him in to the Roman authorities for usurping their authority. But if He disagreed with the death sentence, they would have "proven" that he did not keep the Mosaic Law.

Jesus saw this trap immediately, but His main concern was not for himself but for Mary Magdelene. Yes, she had sinned, but so have we all. Jesus extricated Himself from the trap while showing tenderness to her. His scratchings in the dirt was a list of "secret" sins committed by her accusers. He continued outlining these sins until all the accusers drifted away, eager for their own sins to be kept secret.

Finally, He turned to Mary and forgave her of her sins. She followed Him devoutly after this incident.

b. Matthew 18: 1-6

c. John 4: 1-26

d. John 1:35-42

e. Mark 2:13-17

f. Acts 9

3. Describe for your instructor some of the human needs and crisis situations that teenagers in your community face today. Describe some of the crisis situations that families face. This may be done in a group discussion setting.

Often in any crisis whether it be a wide area disaster or the loss of a close family member the emotional crisis can be devastating to an individual. Not all people are emotionally equipped to react and continue to even function when facing what many would call an overwhelming situation. For these people imediate assistance is needed as they may have frozen themselves in a dangerous location, may become depressed even to the point of suicidal or may react in outrage and violent fashion.

To help to bring these reactions to a close or to a point controllable first the person must be helped to a place physically and mentally where they are not in imediate danger and they must be helped to realize this. In the case of the loss of a parent this may mean that the teen is helped to realize that they have many friends, and family, a community that will help them to go on and provide for their needs.

The human needs of any individual start with the same basics: shelter, water, and food. As Christians we recognize the need first for God and our relationship with Him and will remind those we help to keep this need first in all things. Beyond these basic needs there are possibly physical, medical, and emotional support needs that will be considered. A person injured in the fire that has destroyed his home needs medical attention before he needs emotional support (although the two may come nearly simultaniously at times). In professional occupations that deal with high stress matters or regular human suffering the emotional support to follow is most often called Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. This is a form of counseling that is important not only to professionals like firefighters but also to families and communities in need.

The stress of an incident can be overwhelming and may manifest itself some great time later or be a fixture in a person's actions and outlook to life. Although not all people are affected by such stress it is best to see to the potential needs of a person in crisis to avert the possible self destruction that may come. In this we consider not only what a person says they are feeling and facing, not only what they have gone through, but in the long term what they are like today vs. the person they were before their crisis.

In immediate intervention you will be a shoulder to lean on, someone to offer support, to be yelled at, to be cried to. You will offer encouragement and help to arrange for those basic needs of shelter, water, and food. You will report to your "supervisor" in intervention any issue you observe that may need to be referred to professional counseling. You will be a friend.

Families face a variety of crisis situations and some things that some may not consider to be a crisis can be devastating. For this purpose we will list common crisis situations:

  • House fire
  • Death of a loved one
  • Loss of income
  • Terminal disease
  • Birth Defects
  • Multiple Births (quintuplets for example, imagine five kids at one time could be stressful)
  • Serious Injury
  • Natural Disaster

4. Discuss your own motives for wanting to help your friends when they face personal or family crisis. What about strangers? This may be done in a group discussion setting.

5. Describe the types of human needs and give a real-life example of each.

6. Explain the steps in crisis intervention process and apply each step to a case study supplied by your instructor.

7. Demonstrate a grasp of basic listening skills by conducting an interview of at least 30 minutes duration. This interview must either be observed by an observer who can recognize listening skills, or taped for review by your instructor. The interview does not have to be with a person who is in crisis, but it must be a real conversation not pretend or role-playing.

8. Explain how to make a referral to a professional counselor or pastor.

References

How to Help a Friend (second edition) by Paul Welter, Tyndale House, Wheaton, Illinois (1991)

Christ-Centered Caring by Ronaele Whittington, AdventSource, Lincoln, Nebraska (1990)