Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Marine Mammals/Answer Key/es"

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< AY Honors‎ | Marine MammalsAY Honors/Marine Mammals/Answer Key/es
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Animals that use echolocation emit calls out to the environment. They listen to the echoes that return from various objects in the environment. They use these echoes to locate, range and identify the objects. Echolocation is used for navigation and for foraging (or hunting) in various environments.
 
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Toothed whales, including dolphins, porpoises, river dolphins, orcas and sperm whales, use echolocation because they live in an underwater habitat that has favorable acoustic characteristics and where vision is extremely limited in range due to absorption or turbidity.
 
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Spyhopping is when a dolphin and whales are in a vertical stance so they can look at their surroundings above the water. The whale slowly rises straight out of the water, until its eye is above the water surface. After a few moments, the whale sinks back down. Again, we cannot be sure why whales spyhop, but they may be coming up to take a look around.
 
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[[Image:Baleen.jpg|thumb|250px|Baleen]]
 
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Baleen makes up baleen plates, which are arranged in two parallel rows that look like combs of thick hair; they are attached to the upper jaws of baleen whales. Whales use these combs for filter feeding. Baleen whales scoop vast amounts of water into their mouths, and then push the water back out their mouths through the baleen plates. The baleen plates prevent fish and plankton from flowing out of their mouths. Whales are the only vertebrate group to use this method of feeding in great abundance (flamingos and crabeater seals use similar methods, but do not have baleen), and it has allowed them to grow to immense sizes.
 
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A pod is a social group of whales, porpoises, or dolphins.
 
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A harem is a group of female seals, which are corralled together by a male for the purpose of mating. The male Northern Fur Seals are possessive of individual females in their harem, often aggressively competing with neighboring males for females. Some males breed with up to 50 females in a single breeding season. Some types of whales also have harems.
 
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Plankton are defined as any drifting organism that inhabits the water column of oceans, seas, and bodies of fresh water. They are widely considered to be one of the most important organisms on Earth, due to the food supply they provide to most aquatic life.
 
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::'''phytoplankton → copepod → fish → squid → seal → orca'''
 
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This "chain" can be described as follows: Orca (also known as "killer whales") feed upon seals, that feed upon squid, that eat small fish, that feed on copepods, that feed on microscopic algae.
 
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::'''phytoplankton → krill → baleen whales'''
 
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Food loses efficiency as it travels up the food chain from prey to predator. This is because each creature in the chain uses some of the energy it gained from its food. By keeping their food chain short, baleen whales are able to efficiently consume enormous amounts of energy, and therefore, they are able to grow to enormous sizes.
 
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Blubber is a thick layer of fat found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians. It covers the whole body, except for the appendages, loosely attached to the muscles. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives. Blubber serves several different functions, it is the primary area of fat on some mammals, and essential for '''storing energy'''. It is particularly important for species which feed and breed in different parts of the ocean. During these periods the species are operating on a fat-based metabolism.
 
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Blubber also serves as an efficient '''thermal insulator''', making it an essential for thermoregulation. It has advantages over fur (as used in Sea Otters) in this respect; fur can retain heat by holding pockets of air, but under pressure (while diving) the air pockets will be expelled. Blubber, however, does not compress under pressure. It can also aid in '''buoyancy''', and acts to streamline the body.
 
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Seals are hunted for their '''fur''', '''meat''' and '''oil'''. They are also hunted by fishermen to '''eliminate competition for fish'''. Seals sometimes take bites out of fish already caught in a fisherman's net, making the fish unfit for sale.
 
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The seal's flippers are enormously long, and the skin between them forms a web which is used like a paddle to propel the seal along. They have long, sturdy claws on their front flippers which they use to help them move on land, especially when they need to grip onto rocks or ice
 
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This option will almost certainly be the most rewarding for your Pathfinders, but it will also require the most work on your part to get it organized. Try to contact the aquarium before setting off on your trip so that you can make arrangements to meet with a staff member there. They are usually very willing to help you, and will be delighted to provide you with information regarding the daily feeding schedule. Note that some zoos have aquariums too, so if a zoo is more convenient than an aquarium, you might want to investigate this possibility.
 
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Much of the material for the answers presented here was taken from Wikipedia. You can start your research by reading the full articles:
 
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* [[w:Whale|Whales]]
 
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* [[w:Toothed Whale|Tooth Whales]]
 
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* [[w:Baleen Whale|Baleen Whales]]
 
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* [[w:Dolphin|Dolphins]]
 
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* [[w:Earless Seal|Earless (True) Seals]]
 
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* [[w:Manatee|Manatees]]
 
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Search Google News for marine mammals to find out about current events. http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&q=marine+mammal&btnG=Search+News
 
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You can also search http://news.google.com for a particular marine mammal (such as whales, seals, dolphins, or manatees).
 
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===Note===
 
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This Honor and the [[AY Honors/Cetaceans|Cetaceans]] Honor have considerable overlap. Consider working on them together.
 
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==Referencias==
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==References==
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Much of the material here as adapted from numerous Wikipedia articles.
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Latest revision as of 02:34, 4 January 2023

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Mamíferos marinos

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1991

Version

17.05.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Marine Mammals AY Honor.png
Mamíferos marinos
Estudio de la naturaleza
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1991
Vea también
Maestría de Zoología


1

Ser capaz de identificar tres de cada una de las siguientes especies y saber dónde se encuentra cada una. Conocer al menos uno de cada grupo por el nombre científico:



1a

Ballenas dentadas


AY Honors/Species Account/Delphinapterus leucas/es AY Honors/Species Account/Monodon monoceros/es AY Honors/Species Account/Physeter macrocephalus/es AY Honors/Species Account/Kogia breviceps/es AY Honors/Species Account/Berardius/es AY Honors/Species Account/Hyperoodon/es AY Honors/Species Account/Ziphius cavirostris/es


1b

Ballenas barbadas


AY Honors/Species Account/Balaenoptera musculus/es AY Honors/Species Account/Balaena mysticetus/es AY Honors/Species Account/Megaptera novaeangliae/es AY Honors/Species Account/Eschrichtius robustus/esAY Honors/SpeciesAY HonorsAccount/Caperea marginata/es


1c

Focas verdaderas


AY Honors/Species Account/Monachus schauinslandi/es AY Honors/Species Account/Mirounga/es AY Honors/Species Account/Hydrurga leptonyx/es AY Honors/Species Account/Halichoerus grypus/es


1d

Focas caminantes



1e

Delfines/Marsopas


AY Honors/Species Account/Orcinus orca/es AY Honors/Species Account/Tursiops truncatus/es AY Honors/Species Account/Delphinus delphis/es AY Honors/Species Account/Neophocaena phocaenoides/es AY Honors/Species Account/Phocoena phocaena/es


1f

Morsas


AY Honors/Species Account/Odobenus rosmarus/es


1g

Nutrias


AY Honors/Species Account/Enhydra lutris/es


1h

Manatíes


AY Honors/Species Account/Trichechus inunguis/es AY Honors/Species Account/Trichechus manatus/es AY Honors/Species Account/Trichechus senegalensis/es



2

Conocer y localizar la historia de cómo Dios utilizó una ballena en tiempos bíblicos.



3

¿Cuál es el mamífero más grande en el mar?



4

Explicar las siguientes palabras:


4a

Salto (de las ballenas)



4b

Ecolocalización



4c

Asomarse para espiar (spyhop)



4d

Barbas de ballena



4e

Grupo o manada (de ballenas)



4f

Harén (grupo social de animales)



4g

Plancton




5

Dibujar una cadena alimenticia de dos mamíferos marinos.



6

¿Cuál es el propósito de la grasa de ballena?



7

Conocer dos razones por qué las focas son cazadas.



8

Describir por qué las focas y los delfines pueden moverse con tana rapidez en el agua.



9

Realizar una de las siguientes actividades:


9a

Tomar un viaje a un acuario. Aprender más sobre el programa de alimentación diaria de un mamífero marino y observar un día de alimentación.


Si piensa visitar un zoológico o acuario, tenga en cuenta que hay varias especialidades que tienen requisitos que se pueden cumplir visitando un zoológico o acuario. Los individuos pueden trabajar en varias especialidades en una visita, o partes de su grupo pueden trabajar en diferentes especialidades durante la misma visita.

Aquí hay una lista de especialidades que tienen requisitos que se pueden cumplir visitando un zoológico o acuario:

Animales nocivos

Animales venenosos

Bosques templados caducifolios

Camuflaje animal

Creacionismo

Dunas

Especies en peligro de extinción

La Creación

Marsupiales

Migración

Océanos

Pantanos y ciénagas

Pastizales templados

Pesca isleña

Selvas pluviales

Taiga

Tiburones



9b

Escribir un informe de 500 palabras sobre los mamíferos marinos. Incluir imágenes.



9c

Escribir un informe de 500 palabras sobre los actuales acontecimientos relacionados con los mamíferos marinos y su entorno y la forma en que podrían estar en peligro.





Referencias

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