Especialidades JA/Gimnasia/Respuestas

1

Hacer una lista de precauciones de seguridad que cada ejecutante y espectador debe seguir.

First, always assist the beginner through the exercise the first few times and gradually reduce the physical contact as he improves. The in­structor must guide the performer so that he will be sure to get the feeling of the whole performance from the beginning. Second, spotting is very much a matter of handling weights. Weights are always lifted with the big leg muscles, not with the arms or back. When a man lifts or catches a weight, he gets under it. In tum­bling, this means that the assistant or "spotter" must keep close to his man, get under his elbows in somersaults, and always be near enough to anticipate and prevent falls. Spotting at arm's length cannot be effective.

1. Consider the performer as well as the exercise. Has he the right mental attitude for the stunt? Has he the proper physical development? Has he completed the preliminary work? Is he sick or tired today?
2. The confidence of the performer should be developed in him­ self and in the safety man. The instructor should personally initiate the timid beginner into the fundamentals of tum­bling. Use none but dependable bottom men, and once they are picked, they should seldom be changed.
3. The performer should be taught never to try new stunts until he has completed the preliminary work and has been passed by the instructor.
4. The attention of the performer should always be kept away from the dangers of an exercise. He should be allowed to think only of the fundamentals for proper execution. Fear causes tension and distracts from the ability to concentrate on fundamentals.
5. The springboard is dangerous and its use should be per­mitted only under the closest supervision of an experienced instructor.

2

Describir las posiciones básicas:

2a

Agrupado

In a tuck a gymnast is bend at the hips and the knees. Sit on the floor with your legs in front of you. Bend your knees so that your knees are touching your chest and your feet are "tucked" in close to your body. A variation on the tuck is called a "cowboy" tuck in which the gymnast pulls their knees out to the side somewhat in order to compress the tuck further. This enables faster rotation.

2b

Escuadra

In a pike a gymnast is bent only at the hips. Sit on the floor with your legs straight out in front of you. Pikes of varying degrees including where a gymnast is essentially folded in half at their hips are used in gymnastics.

2c

Extendido

In a layout a gymnast is not bent at the hips nor the legs. A layout is the term used for a rotating skill in which the gymnasts body is essentially straight. A layout can be performed either hollow or arched.

2d

Híper extensión (arco)

In an arch a gymnasts hips are pushed forward, chest is open. Lie on your stomach with your arms by your ears. Lift your heels while keeping your legs straight, and lift your arms while keeping your arms straight.

2e

En cuclillas

Basically like a tuck. I don't know why they put this in here...

2f

Abrirse de piernas

In a straddle a gymnasts legs are separated with neither leg being forward or backward of the other. A straddled pike is a straddle in which the hips are closed or "piked" to some degree.

2g

Posición de pie (ampliación)

3

Realizar los siguientes maniobras individuales con forma y compostura:

3a

Rodar en la posición de agrupado desde cuclillas hacia adelante

Forward roll but not from a standing position.

3b

Rodar a la posición de escuadra desde la posición de pie

3c

Rodar y clavarse (la longitud debe ser igual a la altura propia)

3d

Rodar en la posición de agrupado desde cuclillas hacia atrás

3e

Rodar hacia atrás desde la posición de pie

3f

Rodar hacia atrás al abrir las piernas desde la posición extendido

Start standing up but with your legs straddle standing position. Roll backwards putting your hands between your legs and pushing over. Once you get use to it, you should be able to come up with your legs straight and not bent.

3g

Caída sueco

Swedish fall is like a pike plank position and then just putting one leg up.

3h

Posición de rana (pegando la rodilla y el codo apoyado)

Make a triangle. The bottom two points are the hand's positions and the top point is for the head. This will help you balance. Many people put their hands and head in a straight line, but you can't balance like that. You'll fall over. Instead of kicking straight up, you are going to rest your knees against your elbows because your elbows will be bent.

3i

Parada de cabeza desde la posición de rana

Take the frogstand instructions and then go into headstand.

3j

Parada de mano con la cabeza apoyada

Make a triangle. The bottom two points are your hands and the top is your head. Kick up so that your feet are high in the air.

3k

Parada de manos sin la cabeza apoyada

Kick up so that the hands are planted securely to the ground and the feet are up in there air.

3l

Hacer una voltereta lateral (cartwheel)

Start in a lunge. Go Hand hand foot foot. So hands down first, the one closest to the ground first, then the other one, bring legs over and land.

4

Realizar con forma y compostura seis de las siguientes maniobras con un compañero:

4a

Posición en pecho

Have the base go on hands and knees. The top will put one hand on the base's thigh and the other on the arm. They will lay their head over/on their back so their chin goes over their back and they will go into a handstand/headstand.

4b

Posición en muslo

How to: 1. Two bases lunge in toward one another. Flyer stands behind them. 2. Flyer places her right foot on the right base's left thigh (in her pocket). Her hands should be on base's shoulders. 3. Flyer puts her weight on right foot and jumps off of left leg. She puts her left leg on the left base's right thigh. Flyer locks legs and puts her arms in high V. To Dismount: Flyer steps back to starting position

4c

Equilibrio de rodilla sobre los hombros

Have base lie back with legs bent. Have flyer straddle, putting their hands on the base's knees. Have the base put his hands on the fliers shoulders. Have the flyer go into a headstand/handstand position.

4d

Equilibrio del ángel de frente

4e

Parada en los hombros

4f

Apoyar en la rodilla baja

4g

Equilibrio en el muslo

4h

El ángel de frente, abierto de piernas en la cintura

Hold onto the stunter's waist/ hips. The performer will jump up and over the base's head and become stiff to stay in a plank position.