AY Honors/Hydroponics and Aquaponics - Advanced/Answer Key
Skill Level
2
Year
2021
Version
26.12.2024
Approval authority
North American Division
1
2
2a
Trace elements essential for proper plant growth. These include boron, chlorine, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, and molybdenum among others. Micronutrients are nutrients needed in smaller amounts. They are not necessarily smaller in particle size.
2b
Trace elements essential for proper plant growth. These include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Macronutrients are nutrients needed in larger amounts. They are not necessarily larger in particle size.
2c
One of three forms of nitrogen found in soil, and the one that plants use the most for growth.
2d
Growing aquatic animals (fish, shellfish, etc.) or aquatic plants (plants grown for human food or plants such as algae, often used in biofuels) for human use. While aquaculture most often involves using either or both for food, it also includes the raising of fish, shellfish, and ornamental animals for aquariums, and seaweed for multiple purposes, among agriculture reasons.
3
Here is an overly simplified explanation of how this happens: The fish create waste in the water. This water comes in contact with the plant's roots, which filters out the waste and returns the filtered water to the fish. Bacteria decomposes this waste into nutrients the plant can use. The plant absorbs these nutrients and grows.
4
Ph is a term most often seen in chemistry which stands for “power of hydrogen.” On a scale of 1-14, 7 is neutral, any number below 7 indicates that the substance is acidic, and any number above 7 indicates that the substance is alkaline, also known as basic. Plants must have a pH of around 5-7.5 for the hardier plants, and can become more specific depending on the needs of a specific plant. If the pH is not kept at a good level, many of the nutrients will separate from the water and “precipitate”, making them unusable for the plants, who need them to be dissolved in the water. Also, water that is too far away from the neutral mark can be harmful to the fish. While this may be a bit more than a beginner might understand, understand that the water quality has a direct influence on the health of the plants.
To test the acidity (or lack thereof) of water, there are specific test strips that can be used. These strips have special color codes that help you determine if the water is acidic, alkaline, or neutral, and the intensity of the acidity or alkalinity. To lower the pH level of water (to make it more acidic), you must add more acid. This can be done naturally using common acids such as lemon or orange juice (to test experimentally), but should be done using specifically designed chemicals to adjust a hydroponics or aquaponics system's pH. Similarly, if the water needs to be more alkaline, adding a basic element such as soda ash or sodium bicarbonate will accomplish this.
Bases (alkaline) and acids essentially cancel each other out. In other words, if you have water with a pH of 3 (acidic), and want to make it more alkaline, you must add enough alkaline material to bring the water back to neutral (7 on the pH scale), then add enough to achieve the alkaline levels that you want. It works the other way as well, turning an alkaline substance into an acid.
5
Hydroponics and aquaponics are similar in that they essentially have the same components and purpose, but aquaponics has the added component of the fish and the reservoir that contains them. Additionally, as far as the process of plant growth goes, aquaponics is more complex. While hydroponics simply absorbs nutrients that are artificially added to the water they use, aquaponics relies on the fish to provide waste for the plants to use, the bacteria to transfer the waste into usable nutrients for the plants, and the plants to clean the water for the fish. In this way, aquaponics consists of a symbiotic relationship between the plants, fish, and bacteria. Due to this, aquaponics behaves more like a natural mini-ecosystem, the plants being more hardy and resistant to infection and disease because they have become exposed and immune to the bacteria of the plants. Hydroponics does not have this benefit. Plants grown hydroponically don't have the same immunity, and will catch diseases quickly, so a hydroponic system must be carefully monitored to ensure that a diseased plant doesn't infect the other plants and destroy the whole system.
6
Organic foods ensure that the foods are being grown using as few unhealthy chemicals as possible. Being certified organic in some locations makes it possible to sell produce to specialty buyers that specialize in organic foods. Because of the amount of attention organic foods get, the demand is increasing and selling produce as organic will result in higher profit. Below is an excerpt from the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) standards for organic certification:
The organic crop production standards require that:
1. Land must have had no prohibited substances applied to it for at least 3 years before the harvest of an organic crop.
2. Soil fertility and crop nutrients will be managed through tillage and cultivation practices, crop rotations, and cover crops, supplemented with animal and crop waste materials and allowed synthetic materials.
3. Crop pests, weeds, and diseases will be controlled primarily through management practices including physical, mechanical, and biological controls. When these practices are not sufficient, a biological, botanical, or synthetic substance approved for use on the National List may be used.
4. Operations must use organic seeds and other planting stock when available.
5. The use of genetic engineering, ionizing radiation and sewage sludge is prohibited.
7
Similar to the basic Hydroponics and Aquaponics honor, this requirement is to get you involved with the actual process of growing using these alternative methods. This time, however, you are comparing and contrasting hydroponics and aquaponics themselves, rather than comparing them against produce grown using standard-practice methods. This doesn't have to be complex. The major difference is the addition of fish in the aquaponics system, so consider starting an aquarium and running the water through your aquaponics system before returning it to your fish tank! Keep a record of the care you give to both the hydroponics and the aquaponics systems, and compare and contrast the harvests!
8
Hydroponics and aquaponics can be used to benefit the lives of people all over the world, even as a means of sharing one's faith! Be creative. There are many ideas that you can do right in your local area. Some ideas might include offering hydroponics or aquaponics classes with a spiritual element to members of your community, supplying a local food bank with fresh produce grown with your systems, or even raising money to help provide hydroponics or aquaponics systems to people in third-world countries or low income communities. The opportunities are endless. Be sure to give a report on what you did and the things you learned during your project!
