Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Wood Handicraft/Answer Key"

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'''Pyrography''' is the art of decorating wood or other materials with burn marks resulting from the controlled application of a heated object such as a [[Fireplace poker|poker]].  It is also known as '''pokerwork''' or '''wood burning'''.
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{{honor_header|2|1938|Arts and Crafts|General Conference}}
  
Pyrography means "writing with fire" and is the traditional art of using a heated tip or wire to [[burn]] or [[scorch]] designs onto natural materials such as [[wood]] or [[leather]]. Burning can be done by means of a modern solid-point tool (similar to a [[soldering iron]]) or hot wire tool, or a more basic method using a metal implement heated in a fire, or even sunlight concentrated with a magnifying [[lens (optics)|lens]].  
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==1. Identify at least five common kinds of wood, such as pine, walnut, oak, and cedar. ==
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==2. Know the characteristics for the woods identified, and know one use for each example. ==
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==3. What is the difference between hard and soft wood? ==
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==4. Know how to properly use the following tools in wood handicrafts: ==
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===a. Coping saw ===
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===b. Rasp ===
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===c. Plane ===
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===d. Knife ===
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===e. Chisel ===
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===f. Sanding block===
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==5. Know at least two safety procedures for each of the above tools. ==
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==6. Cut out, assemble, and finish animal bookends or doorstop. ==
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==7. Cut out and finish a garden stake or lawn marker, using a design such as a child, bird, flower, or tree. ==
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==8. Make a plaque, tray, notebook cover, or some other useful object in which wood burning is used.==
  
This allows a great range of natural tones and shades to be achieved - beautiful subtle effects can create a picture in [[sepia]] tones, or strong dark strokes can make a bold, dramatic design.  Varying the type of tip used, the temperature, or the way the iron is applied to the material all create different effects. Solid-point machines offer a variety of tip shapes, and can also be used for "[[branding]]" the [[wood]] or [[leather]]. Wire-point machines allow the artist to shape the wire into a variety of configurations, to achieve broad marks or fine lines. This work is time-consuming, done entirely by hand, with each line of a complex design drawn individually. After the design is burned in, wooden objects are often coloured, sometimes boldly or more delicately tinted.
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
 
 
Light-coloured [[hardwoods]] such as [[sycamore]], [[beech]] and [[birch]] are most commonly used, as their fine [[grain]] is not obtrusive, and they produce the most pleasing contrast. However, other woods, such as [[pine]] or [[oak]], are also used when required. Pyrography is also applied to [[leather]] items, using the same hot-iron technique. [[Leather]] lends itself to bold designs, and also allows very subtle shading to be achieved. Specialist vegetable-tanned [[leather]] must be used for pyrography, (as modern [[tanning]] methods leave chemicals in the [[leather]] which are [[toxic]] when burned) typically in light colours for good contrast.
 
 
 
Pyrography is also popular among [[gourd]] crafters and artists, where designs are burned onto the exterior of a dried hard-shell gourd, usually with dramatic results.
 
 
 
== History ==
 
The process has been practiced by a number of cultures including the [[Egypt|Egyptians]] and some [[Africa|African]] tribes since the dawn of recorded time. In the late [[19th Century]], a [[Melbourne]] [[architect]] by the name of [[Alfred Smart]] discovered that water-based [[paint]] could be applied hot to [[wood]] by pumping [[benzoline]] fumes through a heated hollow [[platinum]] [[pencil]].  This improved the pokerwork process by allowing the addition of tinting and [[shade|shading]] that previously were impossible.  In the early [[20th century]], the development of the electric pyrographic hot wire wood etching machine further automated the pokerwork process.  Pyrography is also a traditional folk art in many European countries, including Romania, Hungary, as well as countries such as Argentina in South America.
 
<gallery>
 
Image:444px-Pirograbado.jpg|Pyrograph on wood
 
Image:Pirograbado gatos.JPG|Cats
 
</gallery>
 
 
 
== External links ==
 
* [http://www.suewalters.com/PyroSchool.html Pyrography School - showing how it's done]
 
* [http://www.pyrography.net Pyrography.net (See hundreds of pyrography images by the world's best in the "Gallery")]
 
* [http://www.scorchpyro.co.uk/Techniques.html Pyrography tips and techniques]
 
* * [http://www.pbase.com/ohquepretty/art Web gallery of Los Angeles pyrography art done in a Latin style.]
 
* [http://www.peterchild.co.uk/pyroinfo/pylist.htm Information on Pyrography machines]
 
* [http://pirograbados.awardspace.com Images gallery]
 
[[Category:Artistic techniques]]
 
[[Category: Woodworking]]
 
* [http://www.chavez-thomas.com/ Pyroengraved Fine Art Gourdwork created by Lisa Chavez-Thomas]
 
* [http://users.telenet.be/fpeeters.pyrobattel/ François PEETERS, a Belgian pyrographer]
 
* [http://www.museuntamed.com Portrait Pyrography by Muse Untamed]
 
[[ru:Пирография]]
 

Revision as of 22:41, 3 October 2007

Template:Honor header

1. Identify at least five common kinds of wood, such as pine, walnut, oak, and cedar.

2. Know the characteristics for the woods identified, and know one use for each example.

3. What is the difference between hard and soft wood?

4. Know how to properly use the following tools in wood handicrafts:

a. Coping saw

b. Rasp

c. Plane

d. Knife

e. Chisel

f. Sanding block

5. Know at least two safety procedures for each of the above tools.

6. Cut out, assemble, and finish animal bookends or doorstop.

7. Cut out and finish a garden stake or lawn marker, using a design such as a child, bird, flower, or tree.

8. Make a plaque, tray, notebook cover, or some other useful object in which wood burning is used.