Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/African Lore/Answer Key"

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{{honor_header|1|2001|Arts and Crafts<br>General Conference<br>2001 Edition}}
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[[Image:Acholiland,_Uganda.png|thumb|right|250px|Acholiland, Uganda]]
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==1. Be able to name and locate at least ten different African tribes of the present day and name several outstanding features of each. ==
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'''Acholi''' (also '''Acoli''') are the people of the districts of [[Gulu]], [[Kitgum]] and [[Pader District|Pader]] (known as [[Acholiland]]) in northern [[Uganda]], and [[Magwe County]] in southern [[Sudan]]. The 1991 Ugandan census counted 746,796 Acholi; a further 45,000 Acholi live outside of Uganda.<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ach Acholi: A language of Uganda], [[Ethnologue]]</ref>
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==2. a. Select for study an African Tribe. (If you belong to an African Tribe, select one other than your own.) ==
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==2. b. Find out detailed information on the tribe selected, in the following areas: ==
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==Language==
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===(1) eating habits ===
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{{main|Acholi language}}
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===(2) initiation ceremony ===
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===(3) witch doctors ===
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The [[Acholi language]] is a [[Western Nilotic languages|Western Nilotic]] language, classified as [[Luo languages|Luo]], and is [[mutually intelligible]] with [[Lango]] and other Luo languages.
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===(4) living and worship conditions ===
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===(5) education ===
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The ''[[Song of Lawino]]'', one of the most successful African literary works, was written by [[Okot p'Bitek]] in Acholi, and later translated to [[English language|English]].
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===(6) burials ===
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===(7) money ===
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==History==
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===(8) dress ===
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{{see also|Luo}}
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===(9) industry ===
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==3. Tell an African folk story bringing out its moral. ==
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The Acholi are a Luo people, who are said to have come to northern Uganda from the area now known as [[Bahr el Ghazal]] in southern [[Sudan]]. Starting in the late [[seventeenth century]], a new sociopolitical order developed among the Luo of northern Uganda, mainly characterized by the formation of chiefdoms headed by ''Rwodi'' (sg. Rwot, 'ruler'). By the mid-[[nineteenth century]], about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland.<ref>Webster 1970.</ref> During the second half of the nineteenth century [[Arabic language|Arabic]]-speaking traders from the north started to call them ''Shooli'', a term which transformed into 'Acholi'.<ref>According to Atkinson (1994).</ref>
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==4. Make a collection of at least 15 object manufactured by African tribes (other than your own).==
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Their traditional dwelling-places were circular huts with a high peak, furnished with a mud sleeping-platform, jars of grain and a sunk fireplace, with the walls daubed with mud and decorated with geometrical or conventional designs in red, white or grey. They were  skilled hunters, using nets and spears, and kept [[goat]]s, [[sheep]] and [[cattle]]. In war they used spears and long, narrow shields of giraffe or ox hide.
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During Uganda's [[History of Uganda|colonial period]], the [[United Kingdom|British]] encouraged political and economic development in the south of the country, in particular among the [[Baganda]]. In contrast, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labor and came to comprise a majority of the military, creating what some have called a "military ethnocracy." This reached its height with the [[coup d'état]] of Acholi General [[Tito Okello]], and came to a crashing end with the defeat of  Okello and the Acholi-dominated army by the [[National Resistance Army]] led by now-President [[Yoweri Museveni]].
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[[Image:Kids3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Children in an [[internally displaced person|IDP]] camp in [[Kitgum]]]]
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The Acholi are known to the outside world mainly because of the insurgency of the [[Lord's Resistance Army]] (LRA) led by [[Joseph Kony]], an Acholi from Gulu. LRA's activities have been concentrated within [[Acholiland]], and populous Acholi remain [[internally displaced person]]s.
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==Religion==
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Most Acholi are [[Protestant]], [[Catholicism|Catholic]] and, in lesser numbers, [[Muslim]]. Nevertheless, the traditional belief in guardian and ancestor spirits remains strong, though it is now often described in [[Christian]] or [[Islam]]ic terms.
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== Notable Acholi people ==
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* [[Betty Bigombe]], former MP and conflict mediator
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* [[Joseph Kony]], leader of the rebel [[Lord's Resistance Army]]
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* [[Nobert Mao]], Gulu District [[Local Council]] V Chairman
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* [[Tito Okello]], [[President of Uganda]] for six months in 1985
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* [[Geoffrey Oryema]], exiled singer
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* [[Olara Otunnu]], former [[Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Under-Secretary-General]] and Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict
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* [[Okot p'Bitek]], poet and author of the ''[[Song of Lawino]]''
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* [[Akena p'Ojok]], Former UNLF Vice President, Former UPC Member of Parliament and Minister of Power In Obote II Regime
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* [[Alice Auma]], spirit medium and rebel leader
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==References==
 
==References==
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*Atkinson, Ronald Raymond (1994) ''The roots of ethnicity: the origins of the Acholi of Uganda before 1800''. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. ISBN 9970-02156-7.
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* Dwyer, John Orr (1972) 'The Acholi of Uganda: adjustment to imperialism'. (unpublished thesis) Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International .
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* Girling, F.K. (1960) ''The Acholi of Uganda'' (Colonial Office / Colonial research studies vol. 30). London: Her majesty's stationery office.
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* Webster, J. (1970) 'State formation and fragmentation in Agago, Eastern Acholi', ''Provisional council for the social sciences in East Africa; 1st annual conference'', vol 3., p. 168-197.
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=== Notes ===
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<!-- This article uses [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]. Please use this format when adding references to material in the article. External links added directly to this section will be swiftly deleted without notice. -->
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<div class="references-small">
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<references/>
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</div>
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==External links==
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*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/acoliforum/ Acoli Forum] Where Acoli meets away from home
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*[http://www.cegun.org/ CEGUN] Campaign to End Genocide in Uganda, Now...
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*[http://www.petitiononline.com/savacoli/petition.html Petition] to Stop the Genocide in Northern Uganda
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*[http://www.acholinet.com/ Acholinet.com], Acholi news, culture, acholi music downloads, forums and Acoli classified
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*[http://www.rupiny.co.ug Rupiny], a newspaper in [[Acoli language|Acholi]] and [[Lango]] ([[Luo languages|Luo]])
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*[http://www.language-museum.com/a/acholi.php Acoli sample at Language-Museum.com]
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*[http://www.ugandacan.org/ Uganda Conflict Action Network] working for peace in northern Uganda
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Uganda]]
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Sudan]]
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[[Category:Nilotic peoples]]
  
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[[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]]
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[[de:Acholi (Volk)]]
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[[es:Acholi]]
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[[it:Acholi]]
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[[nds:Acholi]]
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[[pt:Acholis]]
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[[sh:Ačoli]]
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[[sv:Acholi]]

Revision as of 04:39, 4 December 2006

Acholiland, Uganda

Acholi (also Acoli) are the people of the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader (known as Acholiland) in northern Uganda, and Magwe County in southern Sudan. The 1991 Ugandan census counted 746,796 Acholi; a further 45,000 Acholi live outside of Uganda.&

Language

Template:Main

The Acholi language is a Western Nilotic language, classified as Luo, and is mutually intelligible with Lango and other Luo languages.

The Song of Lawino, one of the most successful African literary works, was written by Okot p'Bitek in Acholi, and later translated to English.

History

Template:See also

The Acholi are a Luo people, who are said to have come to northern Uganda from the area now known as Bahr el Ghazal in southern Sudan. Starting in the late seventeenth century, a new sociopolitical order developed among the Luo of northern Uganda, mainly characterized by the formation of chiefdoms headed by Rwodi (sg. Rwot, 'ruler'). By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland.& During the second half of the nineteenth century Arabic-speaking traders from the north started to call them Shooli, a term which transformed into 'Acholi'.&

Their traditional dwelling-places were circular huts with a high peak, furnished with a mud sleeping-platform, jars of grain and a sunk fireplace, with the walls daubed with mud and decorated with geometrical or conventional designs in red, white or grey. They were skilled hunters, using nets and spears, and kept goats, sheep and cattle. In war they used spears and long, narrow shields of giraffe or ox hide.

During Uganda's colonial period, the British encouraged political and economic development in the south of the country, in particular among the Baganda. In contrast, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labor and came to comprise a majority of the military, creating what some have called a "military ethnocracy." This reached its height with the coup d'état of Acholi General Tito Okello, and came to a crashing end with the defeat of Okello and the Acholi-dominated army by the National Resistance Army led by now-President Yoweri Museveni.

Children in an IDP camp in Kitgum

The Acholi are known to the outside world mainly because of the insurgency of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) led by Joseph Kony, an Acholi from Gulu. LRA's activities have been concentrated within Acholiland, and populous Acholi remain internally displaced persons.

Religion

Most Acholi are Protestant, Catholic and, in lesser numbers, Muslim. Nevertheless, the traditional belief in guardian and ancestor spirits remains strong, though it is now often described in Christian or Islamic terms.

Notable Acholi people

References

  • Atkinson, Ronald Raymond (1994) The roots of ethnicity: the origins of the Acholi of Uganda before 1800. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. ISBN 9970-02156-7.
  • Dwyer, John Orr (1972) 'The Acholi of Uganda: adjustment to imperialism'. (unpublished thesis) Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International .
  • Girling, F.K. (1960) The Acholi of Uganda (Colonial Office / Colonial research studies vol. 30). London: Her majesty's stationery office.
  • Webster, J. (1970) 'State formation and fragmentation in Agago, Eastern Acholi', Provisional council for the social sciences in East Africa; 1st annual conference, vol 3., p. 168-197.

Notes

  1. ↑ Acholi: A language of Uganda, Ethnologue
  2. ↑ Webster 1970.
  3. ↑ According to Atkinson (1994).

External links

de:Acholi (Volk) es:Acholi it:Acholi nds:Acholi pt:Acholis sh:Ačoli sv:Acholi

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