Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Fire Building & Camp Cookery/Answer Key 2/es"

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< AY Honors‎ | Fire Building & Camp CookeryAY Honors/Fire Building & Camp Cookery/Answer Key 2/es
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{{covid|tip=This honor can be earned while stay-at-home orders are in effect if you have permission from the property owner and any necessary permits to safely light a fire outside where you live.}}
 
{{covid|tip=This honor can be earned while stay-at-home orders are in effect if you have permission from the property owner and any necessary permits to safely light a fire outside where you live.}}
 
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<!-- 1. Hacer cinco diferentes clases de fogatas y conocer sus usos. Dos de estas fogatas deben ser fogatas para cocinar. -->
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===Fogata de cazador===
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<!-- 1. Lay five different kinds of fires and know their uses. -->
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Hunters/es}}
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Note that the requirement is to ''lay'' these fires, and that ''lighting'' them is optional.  You may wish to have your Pathfinders lay all of them, and then light only one.  This allows you to lay all of them in the same place without having to contend with hot coals, or having to tend several fires at once.
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===Fogata reflector===
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===Hunter's Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Reflector/es}}
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Hunters}}
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===Fogata estrella===
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===Reflector Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Star/es}}
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Reflector}}
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===Fogata tipi===
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===Star Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Star}}
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===Fogata de cabina de troncos===
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===Teepee Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Teepee}}
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===Fogata de consejo===
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===Log Cabin Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Log Cabin}}
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===Council Fire===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Council}}
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<noinclude>==2. De manera segura hacer virutas de madera o palos con virutas.==
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fuzz sticks/es}}
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<!-- 2. Safely make wood shavings or fuzz sticks. -->
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<!-- 3. Mostrar las técnicas correctas para iniciar una fogata. -->
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Un fuego necesita tres cosas para quemar: combustible, aire y calor. Debe prestar atención a los tres para construir un incendio exitoso.
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<!-- 3. Show correct techniques for starting a fire. -->
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=== Combustible ===
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A fire needs three things in order to burn: fuel, air, and heat. You need to pay attention to all three for building a successful fire.
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El combustible se clasifica en tres grupos: yesca, leña y combustible.  
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===Fuel===
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Fuel is categorized into three groups: tinder, kindling, and fuel.
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La '''yesca''' es algo ligero y esponjoso que es fácil de encender. Puede estar hecho de muchos tipos diferentes de material, incluyendo pasto seco, agujas de pino muerto, virutas de madera, plumas de ave, pelusas de bolsillo, papel, semillas de algodoncillo, etc. La clave de la yesca es que debe estar seca, delgada y rala. La yesca se coloca primero y luego está rodeada con leña.
 
  
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La '''leña''' es un poco más grande que yesca. Los palos del tamaño de un lápiz son excelentes para encender, pero si toda su leña es de ese tamaño, va a necesitar mucho. Organícelo por diámetro y monte las cosas más pequeñas sobre la yesca primero, agregando piezas progresivamente más grandes encima. Puede organizarlo en una tipi, tipo cabaña o com vigas. Mientras amontona la leña, ponga piezas cada vez más grandes, pero no ponga nada con un diámetro mayor de 1.5 pulgadas (3.8 cm). Si son más grandes que eso, estará en la siguiente categoría de tamaño. Apilar la leña es quizás el aspecto más importante para construir un fuego exitoso. Si se apila demasiado apretado, el aire no puede circular y mandar calor desde la yesca, y no se encenderá. Si no tiene suficiente, se apagará antes de encender el combustible principal.
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'''Tinder''' is light, fluffy stuff that is easy to ignite. It may be made of many different types of material, including, dried grass, dead pine needles, fine wood shavings, bird feathers, pocket lint, paper, milkweed seeds etc. The key to tinder is that it should be dry, thin, and wispy. Tinder is laid first, and then it is surrounded with kindling.
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El '''combustible''' es lo más grande que se va a quemar, aunque para acampar, no debe ser más grande que seis pulgadas (15.24 cm) de diámetro. Más grande que eso y usted se levantará toda la noche para cuidarlo, o se encontrará apagándolo antes de irse a acostar. Es mucho mejor quemar todo su combustible por completo.
 
  
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=== Aire ===
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Puede parecer que no necesita hacer nada para asegurarse de que su fuego tenga un buen suministro de aire; después de todo, el aire está a nuestro alrededor. Pero un incendio necesita «mucha» cantidad de aire y la forma en que se monta el combustible puede afectarlo enormemente. No empaque el combustible muy apretado. La leña se debe apilar de tal manera que los espacios entre las piezas son iguales al ancho de las piezas (en promedio). En otras palabras, la pila de leña debe ser aproximadamente 50% de aire y 50% de madera por volumen. Estos espacios permitirán que las llamas se interpongan y quemarán «toda» la leña, lo que encenderá los troncos de combustible más grandes. Cuando agregue troncos al fuego, asegúrese de que haya al menos un espacio de una pulgada (2.5 cm) entre cada pieza. De lo contrario, cortará el suministro de aire y el fuego se apagará sin quemar todo el combustible.
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'''Kindling''' is a bit bigger than tinder. Pencil-sized sticks make excellent kindling, but if all your kindling is that size, you are going to need a lot of it. Sort it by diameter, and stack the smallest stuff over the tinder first, adding progressively larger pieces on top of that. You can arrange it in a tipi, log cabin, or even a ridge-pole and rafter arrangement. As you build up the kindling pile, add larger and larger pieces, but do not add anything with a diameter larger than 1.5 inches through - any bigger than that, and you are into the next size category.  Stacking the kindling is perhaps the most important aspect of building a successful fire. If it is stacked too tightly, air cannot circulate and deliver heat from the tinder and it will not ignite. If you do not have enough of it, it will burn out before igniting the main fuel.
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=== Calor ===
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El calor se agrega inicialmente al combustible y al aire con un fósforo, encendedor u otro dispositivo de incendios. Si usa técnicas de incendio primitivas, la yesca se enciende primero y luego se transfiere a la pila de leña. El calor se transfiere del fósforo (o chispa) a la yesca, y luego de la yesca a la leña, de la leña al combustible principal, y finalmente, el calor del combustible principal será suficiente para mantener el fuego, encendiendo combustible adicional (y a veces secándolo) a medida que se agrega. Para que el fuego se apague, separe los troncos para que su calor se extienda. Para quemar todo el combustible, siga empujando los extremos no quemados de los troncos hacia el centro para concentrar el calor (pero mantenga cierta distancia entre los troncos para permitir la entrada de aire).
 
  
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'''Fuel''' is the largest stuff you're going to burn, though for camping, it should not be larger than six inches in diameter.  Any larger than that, and you will either be up all night tending it, or you'll find yourself dousing it before turning in yourself.  It is far better to burn all your fuel completely.
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===Air===
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It might seem that you would need to do nothing to make sure that your fire has a good air supply - after all, air is all around us.  But a fire needs ''lots'' of air, and the way the fuel is stacked can affect this greatly.  Do not pack the fuel tightly.  Kindling should be stacked such that the spaces between pieces are equal to the width of the pieces (on average).  In other words, the kindling pile should be about 50% air and 50% wood by volume.  These gaps will allow the flames to get in between and burn ''all'' the kindling, thus igniting the larger fuel logs.  When you add logs to the fire, make sure there's at least a one-inch gap between each piece.  Otherwise, you will cut off the air supply and the fire will die down without burning all the fuel.
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===Heat===
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Heat is initially added to the fuel and air with a match, lighter, or other fire lighting device.  If using primitive lighting techniques, the tinder is lit first, and then transferred into the kindling pile.  Heat is transferred from the match (or spark) to the tinder, and then from the tinder to the kindling, from the kindling to the main fuel, and finally, the heat from the main fuel will be sufficient to maintain the fire, igniting additional fuel (and sometimes drying it out) as it is added.  To get a fire to die down, separate the logs so that their heat is spread out.  To burn all the fuel, keep pushing the unburnt ends of logs to the center to concentrate the heat (but do maintain ''some'' distance between the logs to allow air in).
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<!-- 4. Empezar una fogata con un fósforo y mantenerla encendida durante al menos 10 minutos. -->
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Nuevamente, el secreto para mantener el fuego encendido después de que se encienda es apilar el combustible progresivamente del más pequeño al más grande. Asegúrese de tener suficiente yesca para encender la leña y suficiente leña para encender el combustible principal. Mantenga la pila lo suficientemente suelta para permitir que circule el aire, pero lo suficientemente apretada como para permitir que el calor llegue a la siguiente capa de la pila. Apile la leña encima de la yesca y tenga el combustible principal listo, pero no lo agregue todavía. Encienda la yesca. Tan pronto como tenga una buena llama, comience a agregar el combustible principal al fuego. Agréguelo de forma ordenada, utilizando una de las técnicas explicadas en el requisito 1 (la fogata de consejo funciona especialmente bien para esto, ya que es fácil de colocar y el combustible se coloca directamente sobre la leña).
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<!-- 4. Start a fire with one match and keep it going for at least ten minutes. -->
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Again, the secret to keeping a fire going after it is lit, is to stack the fuel progressively from smallest to largest. Be sure you have enough tinder to ignite the kindling, and enough kindling to ignite the main fuel. Keep the stack loose enough to allow air to circulate, but tight enough to allow the heat to reach the next layer in the pile. Stack the kindling atop the tinder and have the main fuel ready to go - but do not add it yet. Light the tinder. As soon as you have a good flame, start adding the main fuel to the fire. Add it in an orderly fashion, using one of the techniques detailed in requirement 1 (the council fire works particularly well for this, as it is easy to lay it and the fuel is positioned directly over the kindling).
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<!-- 5. Conocer y practicar las normas de seguridad ante el fuego. -->
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fire safety/es}}
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<!-- 5. Know and practice fire safety rules. -->
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<!-- 6. Mostrar la manera correcta y segura de cortar y dividir la madera para el fuego. -->
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</noinclude>
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<!-- 6. Show how to correctly and safely cut and split fire wood. -->
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Cutting firewood}}
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<!-- 7. Demonstrate ability to start fire on a rainy day or in the snow. -->
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===a. Cocinar a fuego lento===
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===Simmering===
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===b. Ebullición===
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===Boiling===
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===c. Freír===
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===Frying===
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===d. Hornear pan en un palo===
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===Bread on a stick===
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===e. Hornear con papel de aluminio===
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===Aluminum foil baking===
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===f. Hornear con un horno reflector===
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===Reflector oven baking===
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Reflector oven baking}}
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<!-- 12. Demostrar conocimiento de la nutrición adecuada y los grupos de alimentos, hacer un menú equilibrado y completo para seis comidas de campamento. Incluir lo siguiente:<br>a. Un buen desayuno, almuerzo, cena para una caminata donde el poco peso es importante. La comida no debe ser cocinada, pero debe ser nutritiva.<br>b. Las cinco comidas restantes podrán estar compuestas por cualquier clase de comida: enlatados, frescos, congelados o deshidratados. Una de las cinco comidas debe ser hecha en una olla.-->
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<!-- 12. Showing knowledge of proper nutrition and food groups, make up a complete and balanced menu for six camping meals. Include the following:<br>a. A breakfast, lunch, or supper good for a trail hike where light weight is important. The meal should not need cooking but should be nutritious.<br>b. The remaining five meals may be made up of any type of food: canned, fresh, frozen, or dried. One of the five must be a one-pot meal. -->
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'''Buena nutrición'''
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'''Proper Nutrition'''
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Los grupos de alimentos están definidos por el ''USDA'' (Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos) en [https://www.choosemyplate.gov/multilanguage-spanish MiPlato]. La cantidad de cada grupo de alimentos que necesita un individuo varía según la edad, el sexo y la cantidad de actividad física. El siguiente cuadro muestra la cantidad recomendada de cada grupo para personas de edad de Conquistadores y activos (y es seguro asumir que estarán bastante activos en un campamento).
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The food groups are defined by the USDA in the food pyramid. The amount of each food group needed by an individual varies by age, sex, and amount of physical activity. The chart below shows the recommended amount of each group for Pathfinder-aged people who are fairly active (and it is safe to assume they will be fairly active on a campout).
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Food pyramid chart/es}}
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Food pyramid chart}}
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===Comida para la senda===
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Los sándwiches, la mezcla de frutas secas y la fruta son una buena combinación de alimentos que no requieren cocción. La leche en polvo es otra opción que tampoco requiere cocción, igual como cualquiera de los batidos de pérdida de peso. Sin embargo, realmente quiere llevar algo con muchas calorías. Los maníes y otras nueces sin cáscara también son buenos ya que son altos en calorías (que se necesitan en una caminata).
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===Trail Meal===
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=== Comida de una olla ===
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Sandwiches, trail mix, and fruit are a good combination of foods that do not require cooking. Powdered milk is another option also not requiring cooking, as are any of the weight-loss milkshakes, however you really do want to bring something with a lot of calories. Peanuts and other shelled nuts are also good as they are high in calories (which are needed on a hike).
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{{:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/One-pot meal/es}}
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===One-pot meal===
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<!-- 13. Hacer una lista de los artículos que serán necesarias para preparar las 6 comidas anteriormente mencionadas. -->
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Las cosas más obvias en esta lista serán los ingredientes para las comidas, ¡pero no se detenga allí! Se sabe que los campistas inexpertos traen alimentos enlatados, pero no abrelatas. Una persona trabajadora puede encontrar una manera de abrir una lata sin una, pero es mucho más fácil (y más seguro) abrir una lata con la herramienta adecuada. También necesitará utensilios de cocina adecuados para estas comidas. Sin duda, se requerirá una olla (para la comida de una olla), pero también necesitará algo para revolver y servir la comida, así como un plato o tazón para comer. No se olvide de los cubiertos. Si planifica cocinar sobre un fuego abierto, necesitará algo para encenderlo, así como el equipo de seguridad contra incendios necesario (extintor de incendios o un balde para llenar con agua en el campamento). De lo contrario, necesitará una estufa de campamento y combustible. Otros artículos pueden incluir una tabla de cortar y un cuchillo de cocina afilado, un horno holandés, agarraderas y una sartén. Pero no simplemente empaque ciegamente todos estos artículos, piense primero. Si no necesita un horno holandés, déjelo atrás. Imagínese a usted mismo siguiendo todos los pasos para cocinar la comida, con todos los detalles que pueda, y tenga en cuenta los artículos que necesitará.
+
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The most obvious things on this list will be the ingredients for the meals - but don't stop there! Inexperienced campers have been known to bring canned foods, but no can openers. An industrious individual may find a way to open a can without one, but it is so much easier (and safer) to open a can with the proper tool. You will also need proper cookware for these meals. A pot will certainly be required (for the one-pot meal), but you will also need something to stir and serve the food with, as well as a plate or bowl from which to eat. Don't forget flatware. If you're planning to cook over an open fire, you'll need something to light it with as well as the needed fire safety gear (fire extinguisher, or a bucket to fill with water at the camp site). Otherwise, you will need a camp stove and fuel. Other items may include a cutting board and a sharp kitchen knife, a Dutch oven, pot holders, and a skillet. But don't just blindly pack all of these items - think first. If you will not need a Dutch oven, leave it behind.  Imagine yourself going through all the steps to cook the food - with as much detail as you can - and note what items you'll need.
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=== Seguridad alimentaria ===
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Hay dos elementos claves para manejar alimentos de forma segura: la limpieza y frescura. Lávese las manos antes y durante la cocción. Tenga en cuenta la «zona de peligro» de los alimentos: los alimentos frescos más de 4° C y menos de 60° C corren peligro de estropearse. Guárdelo en una nevera, asegúrese de que la tapa esté firmemente puesto y asegúrese de que permanezca frío por dentro. Use alimentos frescos temprano en el campamento y no confíe en una nevera por más de un día y medio. Cuando todo el hielo en una nevera se haya derretido, ya no se debe usarse la comida que estaba adentro.
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===Food safety===
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=== Eliminación de basura ===
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There are two key elements to handling food safely: cleanliness, and freshness. Wash your hands before and during cooking. Be aware of the "danger zone" for food - fresh food above {{units|4°C|40°F}} and below {{units|60°C|140°F}} is in danger of spoiling. Keep it in a cooler,  make sure the lid stays on, and make sure it stays cold inside. Use fresh foods early in the camp out, and do not rely on a cooler for more than a day and a half. When all the ice in a cooler has melted, the food inside should no longer be used.
−
Trate de no hacer más comida de la que su grupo comerá. Deseche los restos de comida según lo requiera el lugar de campamento o guárdelos en una nevera. Bajo ninguna circunstancia se debe llevar la comida a una tienda de campaña donde las personas tengan la intención de dormir. Toda la comida debe guardarse lo más pronto posible y debe mantenerse fuera del alcance de los animales salvajes. Los zorrillos, los mapaches y los osos pueden ser muy inteligentes cuando se trata de conseguir comida. Suspenda su comida a 3 metros sobre el suelo y al menos un metro y medio de distancia del tronco de un árbol.
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===Trash disposal===
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=== Lave su equipo ===
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Try not to make more food than your group will eat. Dispose of any leftover food as required by a campground, or store it in a cooler. Under no circumstances should food be brought into a tent where people intend to sleep. All food needs to be put away as soon as possible and it needs to be kept out of the reach of wild animals. Skunks, raccoons, and bears can be very clever when it comes to getting food. Suspend your food 10 feet above the ground and at least five feet away from a tree trunk.
−
Tan pronto que termine de comer, lave todos los platos y utensilios de cocina. Las criaturas salvajes estarán encantadas de sacar su espátula de su cocina y lamerla, pero rara vez devuelven tales objetos, ni los limpian satisfactoriamente.
+
===Wash your gear===
 +
As soon as the meal is over, wash all the dishes and kitchen utensils. Wild critters will be happy to drag your spatula from your kitchen and lick it clean for you, but they rarely return such items, nor do they clean them satisfactorily.
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Es una buena idea ponerle número a todos los platos, tenedores, tazones, cuchillos, cucharas y tazas que posee su grupo, y luego guardar los artículos con el mismo número en una bolsa de calcetería. A cada campista se le asigna un número y cada campista es responsable de limpiar su propio plato. Si encuentra un tazón abandonado en una mesa, es sencillo buscar el número, determinar quién es el dueño y convencerlo de que haga su parte. Una vez que los platos se lavan, se devuelven a la bolsa de calcetería y se cuelgan en una línea para que se sequen. También es una buena idea ponerle número a los ganchos de ropa con los que se cuelgan las bolsas de calcetería y colgarlos en orden. Esto no es tanto problema como suena y hace encontrar su propio juego de platos mucho más fácil.
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It is a good idea to number all the plates, forks, bowls, knives, spoons, and cups your group owns, and then keep like-numbered items in a hosiery bag. Each camper is assigned a number, and each camper is responsible to clean his own eating gear. If you find an abandoned bowl on a picnic table, it is a simple matter to check the number, determine the owner, and convince him to do his part. Once the dishes are washed, they are returned to the hosiery bag and hung on a line to dry. It is also a good idea to number the clothespins with which the hosiery bags are hung, and hang them in order.  This is not a much trouble is it sounds, and makes finding your own dish set a snap.
 +
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−
Asigne un equipo de cocina para cada comida y haga que ese equipo cocine la comida y limpie la cocina. Opcionalmente, puede usar dos equipos para esto, uno haciendo la cocción y el otro haciendo la limpieza.
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Assign a kitchen crew to for each meal and have that crew cook the food and clean the kitchen gear. Optionally, you can use two crews for this, with one doing the cooking, and the other doing the cleaning.
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==Referencias==
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Revision as of 01:08, 17 July 2021

Other languages:
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Fogatas y cocina al aire libre

Nivel de destreza

2

Año

1956

Version

12.06.2024

Autoridad de aprobación

Asociación General

Fire Building AY Honor.png
Fogatas y cocina al aire libre
Actividades recreacionales
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
Asociación General
Año de introducción
1956
Vea también
Maestría de Vida primitiva
Liderazgo al aire libre
Viajero
Do from home
 Tip for earning from home during the pandemic
This honor can be earned while stay-at-home orders are in effect if you have permission from the property owner and any necessary permits to safely light a fire outside where you live.


1

Hacer cinco diferentes clases de fogatas y conocer sus usos. Dos de estas fogatas deben ser fogatas para cocinar.

Note that the requirement is to lay these fires, and that lighting them is optional. You may wish to have your Pathfinders lay all of them, and then light only one. This allows you to lay all of them in the same place without having to contend with hot coals, or having to tend several fires at once.

Hunter's Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Hunters

Reflector Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Reflector

Star Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Star

Teepee Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Teepee

Log Cabin Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Log Cabin

Council Fire

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Council

2

De manera segura hacer virutas de madera o palos con virutas.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fuzz sticks

3

Mostrar las técnicas correctas para iniciar una fogata.

A fire needs three things in order to burn: fuel, air, and heat. You need to pay attention to all three for building a successful fire.

Fuel

Fuel is categorized into three groups: tinder, kindling, and fuel.


Tinder is light, fluffy stuff that is easy to ignite. It may be made of many different types of material, including, dried grass, dead pine needles, fine wood shavings, bird feathers, pocket lint, paper, milkweed seeds etc. The key to tinder is that it should be dry, thin, and wispy. Tinder is laid first, and then it is surrounded with kindling.


Kindling is a bit bigger than tinder. Pencil-sized sticks make excellent kindling, but if all your kindling is that size, you are going to need a lot of it. Sort it by diameter, and stack the smallest stuff over the tinder first, adding progressively larger pieces on top of that. You can arrange it in a tipi, log cabin, or even a ridge-pole and rafter arrangement. As you build up the kindling pile, add larger and larger pieces, but do not add anything with a diameter larger than 1.5 inches through - any bigger than that, and you are into the next size category. Stacking the kindling is perhaps the most important aspect of building a successful fire. If it is stacked too tightly, air cannot circulate and deliver heat from the tinder and it will not ignite. If you do not have enough of it, it will burn out before igniting the main fuel.


Fuel is the largest stuff you're going to burn, though for camping, it should not be larger than six inches in diameter. Any larger than that, and you will either be up all night tending it, or you'll find yourself dousing it before turning in yourself. It is far better to burn all your fuel completely.

Air

It might seem that you would need to do nothing to make sure that your fire has a good air supply - after all, air is all around us. But a fire needs lots of air, and the way the fuel is stacked can affect this greatly. Do not pack the fuel tightly. Kindling should be stacked such that the spaces between pieces are equal to the width of the pieces (on average). In other words, the kindling pile should be about 50% air and 50% wood by volume. These gaps will allow the flames to get in between and burn all the kindling, thus igniting the larger fuel logs. When you add logs to the fire, make sure there's at least a one-inch gap between each piece. Otherwise, you will cut off the air supply and the fire will die down without burning all the fuel.

Heat

Heat is initially added to the fuel and air with a match, lighter, or other fire lighting device. If using primitive lighting techniques, the tinder is lit first, and then transferred into the kindling pile. Heat is transferred from the match (or spark) to the tinder, and then from the tinder to the kindling, from the kindling to the main fuel, and finally, the heat from the main fuel will be sufficient to maintain the fire, igniting additional fuel (and sometimes drying it out) as it is added. To get a fire to die down, separate the logs so that their heat is spread out. To burn all the fuel, keep pushing the unburnt ends of logs to the center to concentrate the heat (but do maintain some distance between the logs to allow air in).

4

Empezar una fogata con un fósforo y mantenerla encendida durante al menos 10 minutos.

Again, the secret to keeping a fire going after it is lit, is to stack the fuel progressively from smallest to largest. Be sure you have enough tinder to ignite the kindling, and enough kindling to ignite the main fuel. Keep the stack loose enough to allow air to circulate, but tight enough to allow the heat to reach the next layer in the pile. Stack the kindling atop the tinder and have the main fuel ready to go - but do not add it yet. Light the tinder. As soon as you have a good flame, start adding the main fuel to the fire. Add it in an orderly fashion, using one of the techniques detailed in requirement 1 (the council fire works particularly well for this, as it is easy to lay it and the fuel is positioned directly over the kindling).

5

Conocer y practicar las normas de seguridad ante el fuego.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Fire safety

6

Mostrar la manera correcta y segura de cortar y dividir la madera para el fuego.


Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Cutting firewood


Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Splitting firewood

7

Demostrar la habilidad para iniciar fuego en un día lluvioso o en la nieve.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Fire/Wet weather

8

Demostrar las siguientes técnicas de cocina: cocinar a fuego lento, ebullición, freír, hornear pan en un palo, hornear con papel de aluminio, hornear con un horno reflector.

Simmering

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Simmering

Boiling

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Boiling

Frying

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Frying

Bread on a stick

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Bread on a stick

Aluminum foil baking

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Aluminum foil baking

Reflector oven baking

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Reflector oven baking

9

Conocer un método de mantener los alimentos frescos mientras acampa, diferente al hielo.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Keeping food cool

10

Conocer la manera de mantener los alimentos y utensilios seguros de los animales e insectos.


Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Food storage

11

¿Por qué es importante mantener limpios sus utensilios de cocina y de comer?


Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/Clean utensils

12

Demostrar conocimiento de la nutrición adecuada y los grupos de alimentos, hacer un menú equilibrado y completo para seis comidas de campamento. Incluir lo siguiente:
a. Un buen desayuno, almuerzo, cena para una caminata donde el poco peso es importante. La comida no debe ser cocinada, pero debe ser nutritiva.
b. Las cinco comidas restantes podrán estar compuestas por cualquier clase de comida: enlatados, frescos, congelados o deshidratados. Una de las cinco comidas debe ser hecha en una olla.

Proper Nutrition

The food groups are defined by the USDA in the food pyramid. The amount of each food group needed by an individual varies by age, sex, and amount of physical activity. The chart below shows the recommended amount of each group for Pathfinder-aged people who are fairly active (and it is safe to assume they will be fairly active on a campout).

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Food pyramid chart

Trail Meal

Sandwiches, trail mix, and fruit are a good combination of foods that do not require cooking. Powdered milk is another option also not requiring cooking, as are any of the weight-loss milkshakes, however you really do want to bring something with a lot of calories. Peanuts and other shelled nuts are also good as they are high in calories (which are needed on a hike).

One-pot meal

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Camping/One-pot meal

13

Hacer una lista de los artículos que serán necesarias para preparar las seis comidas anteriormente mencionadas.

The most obvious things on this list will be the ingredients for the meals - but don't stop there! Inexperienced campers have been known to bring canned foods, but no can openers. An industrious individual may find a way to open a can without one, but it is so much easier (and safer) to open a can with the proper tool. You will also need proper cookware for these meals. A pot will certainly be required (for the one-pot meal), but you will also need something to stir and serve the food with, as well as a plate or bowl from which to eat. Don't forget flatware. If you're planning to cook over an open fire, you'll need something to light it with as well as the needed fire safety gear (fire extinguisher, or a bucket to fill with water at the camp site). Otherwise, you will need a camp stove and fuel. Other items may include a cutting board and a sharp kitchen knife, a Dutch oven, pot holders, and a skillet. But don't just blindly pack all of these items - think first. If you will not need a Dutch oven, leave it behind. Imagine yourself going through all the steps to cook the food - with as much detail as you can - and note what items you'll need.

14

Saber cómo manejar adecuadamente y con seguridad los alimentos, disponer de la basura y los trastos y lavar sus utensilios.

Food safety

There are two key elements to handling food safely: cleanliness, and freshness. Wash your hands before and during cooking. Be aware of the "danger zone" for food - fresh food above 4°C40°F and below 60°C140°F is in danger of spoiling. Keep it in a cooler, make sure the lid stays on, and make sure it stays cold inside. Use fresh foods early in the camp out, and do not rely on a cooler for more than a day and a half. When all the ice in a cooler has melted, the food inside should no longer be used.

Trash disposal

Try not to make more food than your group will eat. Dispose of any leftover food as required by a campground, or store it in a cooler. Under no circumstances should food be brought into a tent where people intend to sleep. All food needs to be put away as soon as possible and it needs to be kept out of the reach of wild animals. Skunks, raccoons, and bears can be very clever when it comes to getting food. Suspend your food 10 feet above the ground and at least five feet away from a tree trunk.

Wash your gear

As soon as the meal is over, wash all the dishes and kitchen utensils. Wild critters will be happy to drag your spatula from your kitchen and lick it clean for you, but they rarely return such items, nor do they clean them satisfactorily.


It is a good idea to number all the plates, forks, bowls, knives, spoons, and cups your group owns, and then keep like-numbered items in a hosiery bag. Each camper is assigned a number, and each camper is responsible to clean his own eating gear. If you find an abandoned bowl on a picnic table, it is a simple matter to check the number, determine the owner, and convince him to do his part. Once the dishes are washed, they are returned to the hosiery bag and hung on a line to dry. It is also a good idea to number the clothespins with which the hosiery bags are hung, and hang them in order. This is not a much trouble is it sounds, and makes finding your own dish set a snap.

Assign a kitchen crew to for each meal and have that crew cook the food and clean the kitchen gear. Optionally, you can use two crews for this, with one doing the cooking, and the other doing the cleaning.

References


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