Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Raptors/Answer Key/es"

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< AY Honors‎ | RaptorsAY Honors/Raptors/Answer Key/es
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<!-- 1. ¿Qué significa la palabra «rapiña»? -->
 
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La palabra rapiña proviene de la palabra latina ''rapere'', que significa «apoderarse» o «tomar por la fuerza». El término se usa en referencia con la forma en que muchos raptores matan a su presa con sus pies.
  
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Las aves rapaces incluyen halcones, águilas, milanos, buitres, cóndores, halcones, búhos y el secretario. Las aves rapaces a menudo se conocen como aves de presa, ya que con frecuencia son cazadores activos (aparte de los buitres y los cóndores, que son principalmente los comedores de carroña). Una característica común entre las aves rapaces son sus garras afiladas y curvas para atrapar y mantener presa, su pico superior curvado para desgarrar la carne, y con frecuencia su aguda vista, audiencia y/o sentido del olfato, utilizado para encontrar su comida.
  
 
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Las aves rapaces se dividen en dos grandes grupos, las diurnas (las activas durante el día), como halcones, águilas, milanos, y gavilanes pescadores, y las aves rapaces nocturnas (las activas de noche), que comprenden los típicos búhos y lechuzas.
  
 
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Las rapaces actualmente se dividen en tres órdenes bajo la clase Aves:
  
 
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Image:Buteo_swainsoni_1.jpg|Sainson’s Hawk skull - note the large eye socket.
 
Image:Cathartes_aura_Skull.jpg|Turkey Vulture skull - note large nasal opening
 
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'''Talons/Feet''': With the exception of the vultures (Cathartidae), most raptors capture their live prey with their feet/talons. The feet are strong, and in diurnal raptors the lower legs are often bare (whereas many owls may have feathers even on their feet). The claws may be long and strongly curved, as in Osprey or falcons that catch fish or birds on the wing, or shorter for raptors hunting much larger prey. Most raptors have three toes facing forward and a fourth facing backwards, but owls and osprey can turn their small tow backwards, to have a two two configuration, for better balance or grip.
 
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Use esto para encontrar cuántos de cada familia están en su área, y luego ver si puede encontrarlos. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:
  
 
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<!-- 3. De un diagrama, identificar o nombrar las siguientes partes del ave de rapiña: Ojos, Pies y garras, Pecho, Cuerpo, Pico, Oídos, Alas, Plumas -->
<!-- 3. From a diagram, identify or label the following parts of the raptor: <br />a. Eyes <br />b. Feet & Talons <br />c. Chest <br />d. Body <br />e. Beak <br />f. Ears <br />g. Wings <br />h. Feathers -->
 
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La tercera imagen anterior es una foto de cerca del búho. Note las garras afiladas y curvadas, utilizadas para agarrar presas.
The third picture above is a close up shot of owl talons. Note the sharp, curved claws, used for grasping prey.
 
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<!-- 4. Descubrir la siguiente información acerca de las aves de rapiña. Usar esta información para comparar y contrastar las aves de rapiña con otra familia de aves, como los patos y gansos (Anatidae) o loros (Psittaciformes): -->
<!-- 4. Discover the following information about raptors. Use this information to compare and contrast raptors with another family of birds, such as ducks & geese (anatidae) or parrots (psittaciform). -->
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The largest nocturnal raptor by weight is either the Eurasian Eagle-Owl, measuring 2-2.5 feet with a wingspan of 5-6 feet (weighing 3-9 pounds), or the endangered Blakiston’s Fish Owl, measuring 2-2.3 feet and weighing 6.5-10 pounds. By size (but not weight), the Great Grey Owl tops both, measuring 2-2.75 feet with a wingspan of up to five feet, but weighing in at only 1.3 to slightly over 4 pounds.
 
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By comparison, the largest parrots, the Hyacinth Macaw, can reach a length of some 3.3 feet, and the flightless Kakapo can weigh up to 4.5 pounds, and the largest waterfowl are the Trumpeter Swan, with a 10 foot wingspan and weighing in at some 38 pounds.
 
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As would be expected from such a diverse group, raptors build many different types of nests.
 
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Some build large stick nests, among them the Bald Eagles, Osprey, Secretarybird, Crested Caracara, and Red-Shouldered Hawk. Osprey nests are usually atop a solitary pole, Caracara may place their nests atop a small tree or palm.
 
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Others scrape out nesting sites on cliffs, such as the Peregrine Falcon, or the Merlin (which may also use old nests of other raptors).
 
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Several types of owls nest in natural cavities in trees, including the Screech Owl, while the Elf Owl prefers to nest in old woodpecker holes in Cacti. The Common Kestrel is another cavity nester.
 
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Most vultures do not bother building nests at all, laying their eggs in tall grasses, natural hollows in rocks or on cliffs, or in fallen hollow logs.
 
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The Burrowing Owl, as its name suggests, prefers to nest in ground burrows, usually ones abandoned by mammals.
 
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Image:Pandion haliaetus 2.jpg|Osprey stick nest atop a pole
 
Image:Buteo lineatus 4.jpg|Red-Shouldered Hawk nest in the crook of a sycamore tree, two eyas (chicks) and mother in nest
 
Image:Bubo virginianus 2.jpg|Great Horned Owl nest atop a wall, with three owlets
 
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Among the raptors, a general rule is that the smaller the species, the shorter the lifespan. Small raptors live 3-15 years, though for nearly all raptors, the first 1-3 years are the most dangerous, and the time they are most likely to be killed prematurely. Larger raptors live 20-40 years, and perhaps even longer in captivity for some species.
 
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Like the raptors, smaller parrots have shorter lifespans, perhaps some 15-20 years, while the larger species may live 80 or more years. For waterfowl, some geese may live well over 20 years, while other ducks may have shorter average lifespans, in the 8-20 year range.
 
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With the exception of the vultures (Cathartidae) which are carrion-eating scavengers, most raptors are active hunters, using their keen eyesight (watch them flying, and you will often see their head cocked to one side looking down) to find prey, and their sharp talons to capture the prey. Most falcons (Falconidae), as well as some Kites and other Accipiters, have a well developed extra "bump" on the outer edge of their upper mandible (beak) just behind the curved tip. This is referred to as the Tomial "tooth," and is thought to assist the falcons in quickly killing their captured prey by severing the spinal column.
 
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The vultures are primarily carrion eaters, feeding on dead animals and the occasional invertebrate, lizard or amphibian or at times even small or young mammals. The Lesser Yellow-Headed Vulture prefers dead fish, the Turkey Vulture prefers smaller mammals, and the Black Vulture is known to eat just about anything dead.
 
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Secretarybirds hunt small mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates.
 
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Osprey are almost exclusively fish eaters, catching fish out of the water with their talons.
 
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Falcons feed on many different types of live prey, including live birds (the Peregrine Falcon is particularly adept at catching birds on the wing).
 
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Smaller hawks may prefer reptiles and amphibians and smaller mammals like rodents, larger hawks and eagles may tackle even bigger live prey, including rabbits and ducks. Smaller Accipiters and Falcons feed on insects.
 
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Owls are frequently known for their affinity for small mammals, particularly rodents.
 
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Bearded Vultures like to eat Ostrich eggs, among other things. Their beaks are not strong enough to pierce the thick shell, so they throw rocks at the eggs until they crack open.
 
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The Snail Kite, as its name implies, has a beak suited for prying snails out of their shells, and feeds mostly on apple snails.
 
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Image:Buteo_lineatus_7.jpg|Red-Shouldered Hawk carrying a bird chick raided from another nest
 
Image:Accipiter_cooperii_2.jpg|A Cooper’s Hawk with a pigeon it killed
 
Image:Cathartes_aura_6.jpg|A Turkey Vulture preparing to enjoy a squirrel
 
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Raptors like hawks and eagles swallow their prey whole or if it can’t be swallowed whole they use their sharp beaks to pierce prey, pull of fur, tug away skin, pluck out feathers and tear meat into bite-sized, easy to swallow chunks. They also have a “tooth” tucked inside their upper beak. This “tooth” is shaped like a small triangle and is called a tomila. The tomila helps the raptor kill its prey quickly by cutting the prey’s spinal cord.
 
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Raptors like owls swallow their food whole if they can. The food goes directly from their mouth to their gizzard. They later regurgitate pellets of indigestible materials such as bone, fur and feathers. This is called a “pellet.” You can tell the diet of an owl by what is found in the pellet.
 
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{{covid|tip=Check with your local raptor conservation organizations and see if they can make a presentation to your group via video conferencing. Otherwise, choose one of the other options.}}
 
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This can be done as part of Requirement #7. If going to a zoo or wildlife refuge be sure to plan the visit or prearrange for a demonstration of raptors.
 
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You can choose from this list or find another. Try your local library!
 
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*First Sight: Birds of Prey by Kate Petty, Shooting Star Press, 1995
 
*Birds of Prey, ZooBooks
 
*Eagles, ZooBooks
 
*Birds of the World, Eyewitness Handbook, DK Publishing 1993
 
*Birds of Prey Coloring book by John Green
 
*Birds of Prey from Falcons to Vultures by Sara Swan Miller, Franklin Watts, 2001
 
*Vultures by Sandra Markle, Lerner Publications Company 2005
 
*Birds of Prey: A look at Daytime Raptors by Sneed B Collard III, Grolier Publishing 1999
 
*Extreme Birds by Dominic Couzens, Firefly Books 2008
 
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Here is one possibility:
 
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Véase la especialidad de [[AY Honors/Puppetry/es|Títeres]] para consejos en cómo hacer esto.
See the [[Adventist_Youth_Honors_Answer_Book/Outreach/Puppetry|Puppetry]] honor for tips on doing this.
 
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[http://kidwings.com/nests-of-knowledge/virtual-pellet/ This site] features an online owl pellet dissection app. You can also order actual owl pellets online and dissect them. Most pellet suppliers also offer toolkits for this.
 
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This can be done while visiting a zoo under Requirement #7 or while working on some of the activities of this honor.
 
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{{covid|tip=This may be possible via video conferencing. Check with your local raptor conservation organizations to find out.}}
 
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<!-- 8. Observar aves de rapiña en la naturaleza haciendo nidos o en migración. Si es posible, trabajar con un centro local de naturaleza, parque o área de conservación de vida silvestre. -->
<!-- 8. Observe raptors in the wild nesting or migrating. If possible, work with an area nature center, park, or Wildlife Management Areas. -->
 
The [http://www.audubon.org National Audubon Society] is one possible resource for this. They run hundreds of nature centers and are usually located in an area frequented by many species of birds. Many such nature centers are located near urban areas.
 
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Raptors live outside of Audubon Society nature centers as well. Many cities have thriving populations of raptors. The trick is to ''get outside'', keep your eyes open, spend time looking, and recognize them when they appear.
 
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While looking for raptors, you could work on the [[Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Birds|Birds]] honor at the same time.
 
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<!-- 9. Encontrar dos versículos bíblicos acerca de las aves de rapiña y resumir una lección moral de cada uno. -->
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There are many mentions of raptors in the Bible. Practice using a concordance in your search (something you need to do for Explorer class Investiture Achievement). Depending upon the version, there may be different translated names, but in general you will be able to find eagle, owl, falcon, kite, osprey, and vulture.
 
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Eagles generally denote speed, power, strength and might, as well as something largely unreachable and untamable.
 
* God is represented as a powerful eagle, as protecting his people or carrying them out of trouble (Ex. 19:4, Deut. 32:11, Rev. 12:14, Ezek. 7:1-10)
 
* The eagle may be a symbol of strength, youth and revival (Ps. 105:3, Is. 40:28-31)
 
* Just as the eagle can be seen as powerful for good, it can also represent the power of destruction, often as either a tool of God’s wrath, or as a the power of an overwhelming enemy (Deut. 28:49, Jer. 4:13, Jer. 48:40, Jer. 49:22, Lam. 4:19, Hos. 8:1, Hab. 1:8)
 
* Eagles are fast, and are used as a comparison to speed, or to things being snatched away or fleeting (2 Sam. 1:23, Job 9:26, Prov. 23:5)
 
* The soaring height of eagles and their nests hidden in high rocky crags represents distance - a distance that is easily overcome by God (Jer. 49:16, Ob. 1:4)
 
* Finally, eagles are often seen in the characteristics of heavenly beings (Ez. 1:10, Dan. 7:4, Rev. 4:7, Rev. 8:13)
 
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* Owls represent something that lives in desolate places, in places without people. They are a symbol of complete destruction, or of severe loneliness (Job 30:29, Ps. 102:6, Is. 13:21, Is. 14:23, Is. 34:8-15, Jer. 50:39, Zeph. 2:14)
 
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There are other examples of raptors in the Bible, sometimes just as themselves (as in the discussions of clean and unclean animals in Leviticus and Deuteronomy), at other times based on their characteristics (falcons with strong sight, vultures gathering around a corpse).
 
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==Referencias==
==References==
 
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Latest revision as of 11:01, 12 October 2021

Other languages:
English • ‎español
Aves de rapiña

Nivel de destreza

1

Año

2015

Version

11.09.2025

Autoridad de aprobación

División Norteamericana

Raptors AY Honor.png
Aves de rapiña
Estudio de la naturaleza
Nivel de destreza
123
Autoridad de aprobación
División Norteamericana
Año de introducción
2015
Vea también


1

¿Qué significa la palabra «rapiña»?


La palabra rapiña proviene de la palabra latina rapere, que significa «apoderarse» o «tomar por la fuerza». El término se usa en referencia con la forma en que muchos raptores matan a su presa con sus pies.

Las aves rapaces incluyen halcones, águilas, milanos, buitres, cóndores, halcones, búhos y el secretario. Las aves rapaces a menudo se conocen como aves de presa, ya que con frecuencia son cazadores activos (aparte de los buitres y los cóndores, que son principalmente los comedores de carroña). Una característica común entre las aves rapaces son sus garras afiladas y curvas para atrapar y mantener presa, su pico superior curvado para desgarrar la carne, y con frecuencia su aguda vista, audiencia y/o sentido del olfato, utilizado para encontrar su comida.


2

Clasificación:


2a

Identificar los dos grupos principales de las aves de rapiña.


Las aves rapaces se dividen en dos grandes grupos, las diurnas (las activas durante el día), como halcones, águilas, milanos, y gavilanes pescadores, y las aves rapaces nocturnas (las activas de noche), que comprenden los típicos búhos y lechuzas.


2b

Decir los nombres científicos de las órdenes y familias colectivamente denominadas «rapaces» o «aves de presa».


Las rapaces actualmente se dividen en tres órdenes bajo la clase Aves:


2c

Identificar características distintas de las aves de rapiña.



2d

Dar un ejemplo de un ave de rapiña que ilustra cada de las familias representadas bajo estos dos grupos principales (siete familias).


Use esto para encontrar cuántos de cada familia están en su área, y luego ver si puede encontrarlos. Algunos ejemplos incluyen:



3

De un diagrama, identificar o nombrar las siguientes partes del ave de rapiña:
a. Ojos
b. Pies y garras
c. Pecho
d. Cuerpo
e. Pico
f. Oídos
g. Alas
h. Plumas


ExternalAnatomy.jpg FlightFeathers.jpg OwlTalon 1.jpg

La tercera imagen anterior es una foto de cerca del búho. Note las garras afiladas y curvadas, utilizadas para agarrar presas.


4

Descubrir la siguiente información acerca de las aves de rapiña. Usar esta información para comparar y contrastar las aves de rapiña con otra familia de aves, como los patos y gansos (Anatidae) o loros (Psittaciformes):


4a

La más pequeña ave de rapiña diurna y nocturna



4b

La más grande ave de rapiña diurna y nocturna


Vultur gryphus 2.jpg


4c

Las clases de nidos que hacen las aves de rapiña



4d

El promedio de vida para las aves de rapiña grandes y pequeñas



4e

La comida típica de las aves de rapiña



4f

¿Cómo las aves de rapiña comen su comida?




5

Hacer uno de los siguientes:


5a

Ver una demostración en vivo de aves de rapiña



5b

Leer un libro acerca de las aves de rapiña



5c

Ver un documental acerca de las aves de rapiña




6

Hacer dos de los siguientes:


6a

Crear un espectáculo de títeres acerca de las aves de rapiña.


Véase la especialidad de Títeres para consejos en cómo hacer esto.


6b

Disecar una egagrópila de búho, preferiblemente por Internet, y escribir lo que encuentra.



6c

Hacer una gráfica de las envergaduras y formas de las alas de las aves de rapiña.



6d

Hacer un archivo de por lo menos 10 ideas de manualidades de aves de rapiña y completar cinco de las manualidades.



6e

Hacer un cuaderno, exhibición de arte, presentación multimedia o collage con fotografías e información acerca de las aves de rapiña.



6f

Crear un juego de mesa acerca de las aves de rapiña.



6g

Fotografiar por lo menos cinco aves de rapiña vivas en la naturaleza o en cautiverio. Etiquetar sus fotografías.




7

Experimentar las aves de rapiña en una de las siguientes maneras:


7a

Visitar un zoológico o aviario. Tener un guía hablar acerca de las aves de rapiña que cuidan.

7b

Tener un especialista visitar al grupo y compartir lo que hace con aves de rapiña.




8

Observar aves de rapiña en la naturaleza haciendo nidos o en migración. Si es posible, trabajar con un centro local de naturaleza, parque o área de conservación de vida silvestre.



9

Encontrar dos versículos bíblicos acerca de las aves de rapiña y resumir una lección moral de cada uno.




Referencias