Difference between revisions of "AY Honors/Edible Wild Plants/Amaranth"

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'''Amaranth''', or '''pigweed''', is a general term for plants of the [[genus]] ''Amaranthus'', a widely distributed genus of short-lived [[herb]]s, occurring mostly in temperate and tropical regions.  Although there remains some confusion over the detailed taxonomy, there are about 60 ''Amaranthus'' species.  Several of them are cultivated for their edible [[leaf vegetable|greens]] or [[seed]]s, or as [[ornamental]]s.
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The '''amaranths''' (also called '''pigweeds''') comprise the [[genus]] '''''Amaranthus''''', a widely distributed genus of short-lived [[herb]]s, occurring mostly in temperate and tropical regions.  Although there remains some confusion over the detailed taxonomy, there are about 60 ''Amaranthus'' species.  Several of them are cultivated for their edible [[leaf vegetable|greens]] or [[seed]]s, or as [[ornamental plant]]s.
  
 
== Food uses ==
 
== Food uses ==
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Amaranth seed was one of the staple foodstuffs of the [[Inca]]s, and it is known as ''kiwicha'' in the [[Andes]] today. The seed was used also by the [[Aztec]]s and other Amerindian peoples in [[Mexico]] to prepare ritual drinks and foods. To this day, amaranth seeds are toasted much like [[popcorn]] and mixed with [[honey]] or [[molasses]] to make a treat called ''alegría'' in Mexican [[Spanish language|Spanish]].
 
Amaranth seed was one of the staple foodstuffs of the [[Inca]]s, and it is known as ''kiwicha'' in the [[Andes]] today. The seed was used also by the [[Aztec]]s and other Amerindian peoples in [[Mexico]] to prepare ritual drinks and foods. To this day, amaranth seeds are toasted much like [[popcorn]] and mixed with [[honey]] or [[molasses]] to make a treat called ''alegría'' in Mexican [[Spanish language|Spanish]].
  
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Amaranth greens are a common [[vegetable]] in [[East Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].  The seeds are a crop of moderate importance in the [[Himalaya]].
 
Amaranth greens are a common [[vegetable]] in [[East Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]].  The seeds are a crop of moderate importance in the [[Himalaya]].
  
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Because amaranth seed is very palatable, easy to cook, and its protein particularly well suited to human nutritional needs, interest in this crop (''A. Cruentis'' and ''A. hypochondriaca'') was revived in the [[1970s]].
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Because amaranth seed is very palatable, easy to cook, and its protein particularly well suited to human nutritional needs, interest in this crop ('''''A. Cruentis''''' and '''''A. hypochondriaca''''') was revived in the [[1970s]].
  
 
== Ornamental uses ==
 
== Ornamental uses ==
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[[Image:Amaranthus caudatus1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Loves-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus)]]
 
[[Image:Amaranthus caudatus1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Loves-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus)]]
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The genus contains several well-known garden plants, such as [[Love-lies-bleeding]] (''A. caudatus''), a native of [[India]] and a vigorous, hardy annual with dark purplish [[flower]]s crowded in handsome drooping spikes. Another species ''A. hypochondriacus'', is [[Prince's Feather]], another Indian annual, with deeply-veined lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes.
 
The genus contains several well-known garden plants, such as [[Love-lies-bleeding]] (''A. caudatus''), a native of [[India]] and a vigorous, hardy annual with dark purplish [[flower]]s crowded in handsome drooping spikes. Another species ''A. hypochondriacus'', is [[Prince's Feather]], another Indian annual, with deeply-veined lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes.
  
 
== Myth, Legend and Poetry ==
 
== Myth, Legend and Poetry ==
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'''Amaranth''', or Amarant (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''amarantos'', unwithering), a name chiefly used in poetry, and applied to Amaranth and other plants which, from not soon fading, typified immortality. Thus [[John Milton|Milton]] ([[Paradise Lost]], iii. 353) --   
 
'''Amaranth''', or Amarant (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''amarantos'', unwithering), a name chiefly used in poetry, and applied to Amaranth and other plants which, from not soon fading, typified immortality. Thus [[John Milton|Milton]] ([[Paradise Lost]], iii. 353) --   
  
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== Other things called Amaranth ==
 
== Other things called Amaranth ==
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[[Globe amaranth]] belongs to an allied genus, ''[[Gomphrena]]'', and is also a native of India. It is an annual about 18 inches (450 mm) high, with solitary round heads of flowers; the heads are violet from the colour of the bracts which surround the small flowers.
 
[[Globe amaranth]] belongs to an allied genus, ''[[Gomphrena]]'', and is also a native of India. It is an annual about 18 inches (450 mm) high, with solitary round heads of flowers; the heads are violet from the colour of the bracts which surround the small flowers.
  
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== External links ==
 
== External links ==
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{{Commons|Amaranthus caudatus}}
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{{Commons|Amaranthus cruentus}}
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{{Commons|Amaranthus hybridus}}
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{{Commons|Amaranthus tricolor}}
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* [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_hybridus_thumbnails.htm Amaranthus hybridus]
 
* [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_hybridus_thumbnails.htm Amaranthus hybridus]
 
* [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_spinosus_thumbnails.htm Amaranthus spinosus]
 
* [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/amaranthus_spinosus_thumbnails.htm Amaranthus spinosus]
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* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu:8080/flora/browse.do?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101257 Flora online : Flora of North America]
 
* [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu:8080/flora/browse.do?flora_id=1&taxon_id=101257 Flora online : Flora of North America]
 
* [http://amaranth.twoday.net/topics/Amaranthus+Info/ Amaranthus Info]
 
* [http://amaranth.twoday.net/topics/Amaranthus+Info/ Amaranthus Info]
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{{Commons|Amaranthus caudatus}}
 
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{{Commons|Amaranthus cruentus}}
 
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{{Commons|Amaranthus hybridus}}
 
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{{Commons|Amaranthus tricolor}}
 
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{{1911}}
 
  
 
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
 
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
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[[cs:Laskavec]]
 
[[cs:Laskavec]]
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[[de:Amaranth (Lebensmittel)]]
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[[de:Amarant (Lebensmittel)]]
 
[[es:Kiwicha]]
 
[[es:Kiwicha]]
 
[[eo:Amaranto nutraĵa]]
 
[[eo:Amaranto nutraĵa]]
 
[[fr:Amarante]]
 
[[fr:Amarante]]
 
[[it:Amaranto (alimento)]]
 
[[it:Amaranto (alimento)]]

Revision as of 18:33, 20 May 2005

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The amaranths (also called pigweeds) comprise the genus Amaranthus, a widely distributed genus of short-lived herbs, occurring mostly in temperate and tropical regions. Although there remains some confusion over the detailed taxonomy, there are about 60 Amaranthus species. Several of them are cultivated for their edible greens or seeds, or as ornamental plants.

Food uses

Amaranth seed was one of the staple foodstuffs of the Incas, and it is known as kiwicha in the Andes today. The seed was used also by the Aztecs and other Amerindian peoples in Mexico to prepare ritual drinks and foods. To this day, amaranth seeds are toasted much like popcorn and mixed with honey or molasses to make a treat called alegría in Mexican Spanish.

Amaranth was used in several Aztec ceremonies, where images of their gods were made with amaranth mixed with honey. The images were cut to be eaten by the people. This looked like the Christian communion to the Catholic priests, so the cultivation of this seed was forbidden for centuries. Amaranth was recovered from wild varieties.

Amaranth greens are a common vegetable in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The seeds are a crop of moderate importance in the Himalaya.

Because amaranth seed is very palatable, easy to cook, and its protein particularly well suited to human nutritional needs, interest in this crop (A. Cruentis and A. hypochondriaca) was revived in the 1970s.

Ornamental uses

Loves-lies-bleeding (Amaranthus caudatus)

The genus contains several well-known garden plants, such as Love-lies-bleeding (A. caudatus), a native of India and a vigorous, hardy annual with dark purplish flowers crowded in handsome drooping spikes. Another species A. hypochondriacus, is Prince's Feather, another Indian annual, with deeply-veined lance-shaped leaves, purple on the under face, and deep crimson flowers densely packed on erect spikes.

Myth, Legend and Poetry

Amaranth, or Amarant (from the Greek amarantos, unwithering), a name chiefly used in poetry, and applied to Amaranth and other plants which, from not soon fading, typified immortality. Thus Milton (Paradise Lost, iii. 353) --

"Immortal amarant, a flower which once
In paradise, fast by the tree of life,
Began to bloom; but soon for man's offence
To heaven removed, where first it grew, there grows,
And flowers aloft, shading the fount of life,
And where the river of bliss through midst of heaven
Rolls o'er elysian flowers her amber stream:
With these that never fade the spirits elect
Bind their resplendent locks."

It should be noted that the proper spelling of the word is amarant; the more common spelling seems to have come from a hazy notion that the final syllable is the Greek word anthos, "flower," which enters into a vast number of botanical names.

In ancient Greece the amaranth (also called chrusanthemon and elichrusos) was sacred to Ephesian Artemis. It was supposed to have special healing properties, and as a symbol of immortality was used to decorate images of the gods and tombs. In legend, Amarynthus (a form of Amarantus) was a hunter of Artemis and king of Euboea; in a village of Amarynthus, of which he was the eponymous hero, there was a famous temple of Artemis Amarynthia or Amarysia (Strabo x. 448; Pausan. i. 31, p. 5).

Species (with their common names)

Green Amaranth (A. hybridus)
Seabeach amaranth (A. pumilus), an endangered species of amaranth
Red-root Amaranth (A. retroflexus) - from Thomé
Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus)
Green Amaranth (Amaranthus viridis)

Other things called Amaranth

Globe amaranth belongs to an allied genus, Gomphrena, and is also a native of India. It is an annual about 18 inches (450 mm) high, with solitary round heads of flowers; the heads are violet from the colour of the bracts which surround the small flowers.

Amaranth wood or Purpleheart is from the unrelated Peltogyne (Fabaceae). It has a unique dark purplish tone to it and is used decoratively.

Amaranth is a dark red to purple dye once used for colouring food but now banned by the FDA.

References

  • Lenz, Botanik der alt. Greich. und Rom. Botany of old. (1859)
  • J. Murr, Die Pflanzenwelt in der griech. Mythol. Plants in Greek Mythology. (1890)

External links

Template:Commons Template:Commons Template:Commons Template:Commons

cs:Laskavec de:Amarant (Lebensmittel) es:Kiwicha eo:Amaranto nutraĵa fr:Amarante it:Amaranto (alimento)

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