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| − | '''Pyrography''' is the art of decorating wood or other materials with burn marks resulting from the controlled application of a heated object such as a [[Fireplace poker|poker]]. It is also known as '''pokerwork''' or '''wood burning'''.
| + | {{honor_header|2|1938|Arts and Crafts|General Conference}} |
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| − | Pyrography means "writing with fire" and is the traditional art of using a heated tip or wire to [[burn]] or [[scorch]] designs onto natural materials such as [[wood]] or [[leather]]. Burning can be done by means of a modern solid-point tool (similar to a [[soldering iron]]) or hot wire tool, or a more basic method using a metal implement heated in a fire, or even sunlight concentrated with a magnifying [[lens (optics)|lens]].
| + | ==1. Identify at least five common kinds of wood, such as pine, walnut, oak, and cedar. == |
| | + | ==2. Know the characteristics for the woods identified, and know one use for each example. == |
| | + | ==3. What is the difference between hard and soft wood? == |
| | + | ==4. Know how to properly use the following tools in wood handicrafts: == |
| | + | ===a. Coping saw === |
| | + | ===b. Rasp === |
| | + | ===c. Plane === |
| | + | ===d. Knife === |
| | + | ===e. Chisel === |
| | + | ===f. Sanding block=== |
| | + | ==5. Know at least two safety procedures for each of the above tools. == |
| | + | ==6. Cut out, assemble, and finish animal bookends or doorstop. == |
| | + | ==7. Cut out and finish a garden stake or lawn marker, using a design such as a child, bird, flower, or tree. == |
| | + | ==8. Make a plaque, tray, notebook cover, or some other useful object in which wood burning is used.== |
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| − | This allows a great range of natural tones and shades to be achieved - beautiful subtle effects can create a picture in [[sepia]] tones, or strong dark strokes can make a bold, dramatic design. Varying the type of tip used, the temperature, or the way the iron is applied to the material all create different effects. Solid-point machines offer a variety of tip shapes, and can also be used for "[[branding]]" the [[wood]] or [[leather]]. Wire-point machines allow the artist to shape the wire into a variety of configurations, to achieve broad marks or fine lines. This work is time-consuming, done entirely by hand, with each line of a complex design drawn individually. After the design is burned in, wooden objects are often coloured, sometimes boldly or more delicately tinted.
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
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| − | Light-coloured [[hardwoods]] such as [[sycamore]], [[beech]] and [[birch]] are most commonly used, as their fine [[grain]] is not obtrusive, and they produce the most pleasing contrast. However, other woods, such as [[pine]] or [[oak]], are also used when required. Pyrography is also applied to [[leather]] items, using the same hot-iron technique. [[Leather]] lends itself to bold designs, and also allows very subtle shading to be achieved. Specialist vegetable-tanned [[leather]] must be used for pyrography, (as modern [[tanning]] methods leave chemicals in the [[leather]] which are [[toxic]] when burned) typically in light colours for good contrast.
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| − | Pyrography is also popular among [[gourd]] crafters and artists, where designs are burned onto the exterior of a dried hard-shell gourd, usually with dramatic results.
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| − | == History ==
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| − | The process has been practiced by a number of cultures including the [[Egypt|Egyptians]] and some [[Africa|African]] tribes since the dawn of recorded time. In the late [[19th Century]], a [[Melbourne]] [[architect]] by the name of [[Alfred Smart]] discovered that water-based [[paint]] could be applied hot to [[wood]] by pumping [[benzoline]] fumes through a heated hollow [[platinum]] [[pencil]]. This improved the pokerwork process by allowing the addition of tinting and [[shade|shading]] that previously were impossible. In the early [[20th century]], the development of the electric pyrographic hot wire wood etching machine further automated the pokerwork process. Pyrography is also a traditional folk art in many European countries, including Romania, Hungary, as well as countries such as Argentina in South America.
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | Image:444px-Pirograbado.jpg|Pyrograph on wood
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| − | Image:Pirograbado gatos.JPG|Cats
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | * [http://www.suewalters.com/PyroSchool.html Pyrography School - showing how it's done]
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| − | * [http://www.pyrography.net Pyrography.net (See hundreds of pyrography images by the world's best in the "Gallery")]
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| − | * [http://www.scorchpyro.co.uk/Techniques.html Pyrography tips and techniques]
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| − | * * [http://www.pbase.com/ohquepretty/art Web gallery of Los Angeles pyrography art done in a Latin style.]
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| − | * [http://www.peterchild.co.uk/pyroinfo/pylist.htm Information on Pyrography machines]
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| − | * [http://pirograbados.awardspace.com Images gallery]
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| − | [[Category:Artistic techniques]]
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| − | [[Category: Woodworking]]
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| − | * [http://www.chavez-thomas.com/ Pyroengraved Fine Art Gourdwork created by Lisa Chavez-Thomas]
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| − | * [http://users.telenet.be/fpeeters.pyrobattel/ François PEETERS, a Belgian pyrographer]
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| − | * [http://www.museuntamed.com Portrait Pyrography by Muse Untamed]
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| − | [[ru:Пирография]]
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