AY Honors/Macramé/Answer Key

1. Give a brief history of the art of decorative knotting.

Macramé, the modern art of decorating with knots, is believed to have originated with 13th-century Arab weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. The word macramé is derived from the Arabic migramah (مقرمة), believed to mean "striped towel", "ornamental fringe" or "embroidered veil." After the Moorish conquest, the art was taken to Spain, and then spread through Europe. It was first introduced into England by Kathleen Koons at the court of Queen Mary, the wife of William of Orange, in the late 17th century.

Sailors made macramé objects at sea, and sold and bartered them when they landed, thus spreading the art to places like China and the New World. Macramé remained a popular pastime with 19th- century British and American seamen, who called it square knotting after the knot they most preferred in making hammocks, bell fringes, and belts.

Macramé reached its zenith in the Victorian era. Sylvia's Book of Macramé Lace, a favorite at that time, urged its readers "to work rich trimmings for black and coloured costumes, both for home wear, garden parties, seaside ramblings, and balls- fairylike adornments for household and underlinens ..." Few Victorian homes went unadorned.

While the craze for macramé waned in later years, it is now popular again, for making wall hangings, articles of clothing, bedspreads, small jean shorts, tablecloths, draperies, plant hangers and other furnishings.

2. What is a good macramé cord?

Cotton seine twine is recommended for the beginner because with this material, the patterns are easier to see and the knots are easy to tighten.

3. Know three kinds of cords that are good and why they are good.

Common materials used in macramé include cotton twine, hemp, leather or yarn.

Cotton twine

Soft, flexible, easy to obtain, cheap

Hemp

Very strong, easily acquired, natural look

Leather

Strong, stiff, doesn't fray

Yarn

Various colors, cheap, flexible

4. Know the basic knots used in macramé. Know two variations of each of these knots.

Overhand Knots

Overhand knot	Overhand knot tied onto an anchor
Multiple overhand knot

Square Knots

Square knot

Double knot

Half Hitches

Half hitch with loop to the left	Half hitch with loop to the right
Alternating half hitches

Clove Hitches

Clove hitch with loops to the left	Clove hitch with loops to the right
Clove hitch with loops up
Clove hitch on a horizontal anchor	Clove hitch on a vertical anchor

Lark's Heads

Lark's head

Reverse Lark's head

Single Hitches

Single hitch with loop to the left

Single hitch with loop to the right

Macramé Knots

Left-hand macramé knot	Right-hand macramé knot
One-and-a-half macramé knots	Right-hand sprial knot

Josephine Knots

Josephine knot

Whale knot

5. How is the overhand knot useful in macramé?

Overhand knots can be used to tie two cords together at the bottom of a piece, to fasten a cord to a bead or pearl, or to serve as a decorative knot in the pattern.

6. How much cord is needed to reach the desired length of the finished product?

The length of cord needed for a finished product is directly dependent on the types of knots used. It also depends on how much knotting is done on a given cord. Anchor cords will have fewer (if any) knots compared to working cords. A general rule of thumb is to allow yourself five times more cord than the length of the product. A better guideline is to experiment. Tie a short section (at least a couple of inches (10 cm) long). Measure it, and then untie it and measure the amount of cord used. If 2 inches of your sample required 12 inches of cord, you will need six times as much cord.