Especialidades JA/Rescate básico/Respuestas

Rescate básico
[[AY Honors/Basic Rescue/es|]]	Destreza: Año de introducción:

Requisitos

Conexión Logros para la Investidura: Esta especialidad está relacionada con los requisitos de Logros para la Investidura para EXPLORADOR Salud y Aptitud Física que requiere el desarrollo completo de esta especialidad.

1

¿Cuál es la definición de un rescate de emergencia?

Un rescate es el acto de remover a alguien de peligro. Un rescate de emergencia es un término técnico para un rescate que toma lugar en circunstancias peligrosas y con alto riesgo para los rescatadores, pero se debe hacer de inmediato para salvar la vida de una persona. En esta clase de escenario, decir que una persona está en peligro inmediato puede ser subestimado, normalmente si no se remueve de su circunstancia lo más pronto posible, la víctima morirá muy pronto. Los rescates técnicos y rescate son descriptivos de muchas clases de circunstancias, en todos los casos la víctima está en peligro. Un gato en un árbol o una persona de otra manera ileso atrapado en un carro chocado no van a morir en esos mismos instantes, pero tendrán que ser rescatados de esas circunstancias por alguien con los medios y la habilidad de hacerlo.

2

Mostrar cómo rescatar de manera segura una persona de las siguientes situaciones:

2a

Estando en contacto con un cable eléctrico vivo

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Electric wire contact/es

2b

Una habitación llena de humo

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Smoke fire/es

2c

Vestimenta en fuego

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Clothes on fire/es

2d

Un ahogamiento no usando un nadador de rescate

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Non-swimming rescue/es

2e

Un accidente en hielo

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Ice rescue/es

3

Mostrar tres maneras de atraer y comunicarse con los aviones de rescate.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Signaling aircraft/es

4

Conocer seis indicaciones de la necesidad inmediata de un rescate.

1. La víctima ha dejado de respirar
2. La víctima tiene sangrado severo
3. La víctima está siendo eléctricamente conmocionado
4. La víctima tiene un ataque al corazón
5. La víctima está en llamas
6. La víctima se está ahogando
7. La víctima ha sido envenenado

5

Conocer seis procedimientos que seguir antes de mover una víctima que su vida se encuentra en situación riesgo.

1. La primera cosa que hacer es evaluar la situación y planificar el rescate.
2. Asegúrese de que puede realizar el rescate sin lastimarse.
3. Asegúrese de que el traslado de la víctima no causará lesiones adicionales.
4. Sepa donde va a mover a la víctima antes de levantarla.
5. Si se debe pedir ayuda de otras personas, es importante que sepan detalladamente qué es lo que quiere que hagan.
6. A menos que el peligro sea inmediato, los primeros auxilios se deben hacer antes de mover a la víctima.
7. Si sospecha que hay una lesión en la columna vertebral, no mueva a la víctima.

6

Conocer cinco principios que están envueltos al mover una víctima que su vida se encuentra en situación riesgo.

1. Be sure that it is necessary to move the victim. If it is not, do not move the victim.
2. Know how you will move the victim before trying to move him.
3. Know where you will move the victim before trying to move him.
4. Be sure that you are able to lift the victim before lifting him. If the victim is too heavy, drag him instead.
5. Maintain your balance. Do not start the move from an unbalanced position.
6. Keep your footing throughout the move.

7

Conocer la manera apropiada de ayudar a una víctima, sin asistencia, en las siguientes situaciones:

7a

Jalando a la víctima

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Shoulder drag

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Blanket drag

7b

Levantando a la víctima

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Firemans carry

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Pack strap carry

7c

Ayudando a la víctima al caminar

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Support carry

8

Conocer la forma correcta de ayudar a una víctima, con asistencia, en las siguientes situaciones:

8a

Llevándola en una silla

Chair Carry in which the victim is placed in a chair and tilted backward as rescuers lift the victim. This carry requires two rescuers.

Two rescuers can also remove a victim by seating him or her on a chair:

• Rescuer 1: Facing the back of the chair, grasp the back uprights.
• Rescuer 2: Facing away from the victim, reach back and grasp the two front legs of the chair.
• Both rescuers: Tilt the chair back, lift, and walk out.

8b

Llevándola delante y detrás de ti

A The shorter bearer spreads the casualty's legs, kneels between the legs with his back to the casualty, and positions his hands behind the casualty's knees. The taller bearer kneels at the casualty's head, slides his hands under the arms and across the chest, and locks his hands. B The bearers rise together, lifting the casualty. C Alternate position, facing casualty.

8c

Silla con dos manos y con cuatro manos

Two-hand seat carry

Four-hand seat carry

The two-hand seat carry is used in carrying a casualty for a short distance and in placing him on a litter.

Only a conscious casualty can be transported with the four-hand seat carry because he must help support himself by placing his arms around the bearers' shoulders. This carry is especially useful in transporting the casualty with a head or foot injury and is used when the distance to be traveled is moderate. It is also useful for placing a casualty on a litter.

8d

Traslado en una manta

An improvised stretcher made from a blanket.

The casualty is placed in the middle of the blanket lying on his back. Three or four people kneel on each side and roll the edges of the blanket toward the casualty, as shown in part A of the figure. When the rolled edges are tight and large enough to grasp securely, the casualty should be lifted and carried as shown in part B of the figure.

8e

Tres hombres trasladando la víctima con la técnica tipo hamaca en posición supina y decúbito

The three-person hammock carry is very similar to the two-person carry, except that three people are involved: One positioned at the victim's calves, one at the hips, and the third person at the shoulders. The carriers kneel on their knee nearest the victim's feet. The person at the victim's head gives the command, and all three lift the victim to their knees simultaneously. The victim is then turned so that he faces the rescuers. The person at the head then gives the command and the three rescuers stand.

8f

Tres o cuatro personas levantando a un herido

8g

Seis personas levantando y transportando

9

Saber cómo utilizar correctamente una camilla y llevar una víctima en una camilla. Saber cómo hacer una camilla improvisada.

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Litter carry

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First aid/Improvised litter

10

Saber cómo utilizar correctamente cuerdas y nudos de la siguiente manera:

10a

Atar nudos para unir cuerdas

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Sheetbend

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Square

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Surgeons

10b

Atar nudos para acortar una cuerda

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Sheepshank

10c

Atar nudos para usar en torno a una persona para su rescate

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knot/Bowline

10d

Enrollar con precisión y lanzar una cuerda liviana y una pesada 50 pies (15 metros)

Separate the rope into two equal sized coils, with a little less than half the rope in each coil. Choose one end that you will hang on to, and grasp it firmly in the palm of one hand, using the three smallest fingers to hold it securely. Hold the rest of that coil between the index finger and thumb, and hold the other coil in the other hand. Take aim, and throw both coils toward the victim at the same time while retaining your grip on the end. If you have difficulty with this, try standing on the end of the rope you wish to keep with you. Using this method, you can throw the rope quite a bit farther than if you had thrown a single coil. This is because the second coil will not begin to unravel until the first one uncoils. Practice until you can hit a target with the rope from the 50-foot (15 meter) mark.

11

¿Qué medidas deberían adoptarse antes de informar sobre una persona perdida? ¿Qué información se necesita cuando se informa acerca de una persona perdida? ¿Cómo es la búsqueda de una persona perdida en un área desierta?

Before reporting:

Children

If at home check your home carefully, contact your child's friends and your neighbors quickly to see if your child is with one of them. If at a store or mall contact management or security and have the child paged, if needed many stores today will "lock down" until all people and places are checked. If in a public place, do not panic. Try a high spot such as a chair or table to get a better vantage, and contact the facility management if there is one.

Gather yourself and be prepared to provide information to the police that will be relevant to the search for your child.

Adult

Adults must be missing for 24 hours and in some places 48 hours before a report can be filed. Contact known friends, work, and hang outs before reporting an adult missing. Adults who are mentally unstable for any reason or in need of medication for survival can normally be reported immediately as missing.

Those on outings

If you are expecting loved ones to return from an outing and they are overdue be sure to contact their various phones and their home before calling authorities. If this is travel, some delays may be caused by weather and other circumstances that can be checked by calling the airport or travel authority for their means of travel. Road conditions can normally be checked through the state's department of transportation or the department of public safety (Highway Patrol). For those who were camping, hiking, or the like you will contact the forest/park authority for weather and road issues.

Be sure to have information on planned hiking routes and camping locations left behind by your loved ones so they can be used in a search if needed.

What will be needed

The more detailed your physical description to police can be the better. The color of eyes, hair and skin are needed but are not truly distinctive. Pictures are best and any identifying marks such as scars will help to identify a particular person quite well. The clothes the missing or lost person was wearing when last seen are very helpful too, as well as details on the vehicle(s) any adults may have been driving when last seen.

Age, date of birth, and other personal details such as family nicknames and family known information are helpful in child abduction cases. This information can not only be used to identify a child but to retrieve the child and gain trust with police. The person's doctor and dentist will also be helpful so have those names ready if possible.

Searches

Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/First Aid/Searches