AY Honors/Heart and Circulation/Answer Key

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1. Describe the basic function of the following parts of the circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, blood, and lungs.

Heart
The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels.
Blood Vessels
The blood vessels are like tubes inside the body though which blood flows. They function to transport blood throughout the body.
Blood
Blood is a specialized fluid consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a complex fluid medium known as blood plasma. Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up a little more than half of total blood volume. By far the most abundant cells in blood are red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to all the other cells in the body and carry carbon dioxide (and other wastes) away from them. White blood cells help to resist infections, and platelets are important in the clotting of blood.
Lungs
The principal function of the lungs is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to get rid of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

2. Describe the major difference between arteries and veins. What is a capillary and what is its function?

Blood flows from digestive system heart to arteries, which narrow into arterioles, and then narrow further still into capillaries. After the tissue has been perfused, capillaries widen to become venules and then widen more to become veins, which return blood to the heart.

Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. The majority of veins in the body carry low-oxygen blood from the tissues back to the heart; the exceptions being the pulmonary and umbilical veins which both carry oxygenated blood.

Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm, and are important for the interchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other substances between blood and tissue cells. The walls of capillaries are composed of only a single layer of cells, the endothelium. This layer is so thin that molecules such as oxygen, water and lipids can pass through them by diffusion and enter the tissues. Waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea can diffuse back into the blood to be carried away for removal from the body. Capillaries are so small the blood cells need to pass through it in a single file line. Capillaries carry blood from the arteries to the veins.

3. Identify two locations for measuring your pulse. Demonstrate your ability to accurately take someone's pulse.

4. Record your resting pulse rate, then exercise strenuously (ie jog, swim laps, climb stairs, etc.) for 10 minutes. Retake your pulse immediately after exercising, and then again after five minutes. Do this each day for one week recording your results on a chart or a graph. Did the exercise effect your heart rate?

5. Make a simple stethoscope and listen so someone’s heart beat.

6. List at least five things you can do to keep your heart healthy. Put these into practice if you have not been doing so already.

7. What is cholesterol and how is it related to arteriosclerosis?

8. What is a heart attack and what are its symptoms? How can CPR help?

9. What is an ECG and how is it used by a doctor?

10. Find five verses in the Bible that refer to your heart. Memorize two of them.

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