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| − | {{Taxobox | + | {{honor_header|3|1961|Nature|General Conference}} |
| − | | color = lightgreen | + | ==1. Know the life cycle of a moss, lichen, or liverwort.== |
| − | | name = Bryopsida
| + | ==2. What are lichens?== |
| − | | image = Dicranella_varia_sporogon.jpeg
| + | ==3. Name at least two ways lichens have been of value to man.== |
| − | | image_width = 240px
| + | ==4. How are liverworts different than all other green plants? Name one used in aquariums. What is its function?== |
| − | | image_caption = Arthrodontous capsule of ''Dicranella varia''
| + | ==5. Describe at least three significant ways moss has played in the economy of man.== |
| − | | regnum = [[Plantae]]
| + | ==6. Make a moss garden (small terrarium) or "eternal garden" using at least three different kinds of mosses and lichens.== |
| − | | divisio = [[Moss|Bryophyta]]
| + | ==7. Find and identify five lichens, one liverwort, and six mosses.== |
| − | | classis = '''Bryopsida'''
| + | ==8. Observe the spore caps of several different kinds of moss under a magnifier to see the differences in "hair caps" and "teeth" that separate many species.== |
| − | | subdivision_ranks = Subclasses
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| − | | subdivision =
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| − | [[Diphysciidae]]<br/>
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| − | [[Funariidae]]<br/>
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| − | [[Dicranidae]]<br/>
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| − | [[Bryidae]]
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| − | }}
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| − | The '''Bryopsida''' constitute the largest [[class (biology)|class]] of [[moss]]es, containing 95% of all moss [[species]]. It consists of approximately 15,000 species, common throughout the whole world.
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| − | The group is distinguished by having spore [[sporangium|capsules]] with teeth that are ''arthrodontous''; the teeth are separate from each other and jointed at the base where they attach to the opening of the capsule.<ref>Buck, William R. & Bernard Goffinet. 2000. "Morphology and classification of mosses", pages 71-123 ''in'' A. Jonathan Shaw & Bernard Goffinet (Eds.), ''Bryophyte Biology''. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ISBN 0-521-66097-1.</ref> These teeth are exposed when the covering [[operculum (botany)|operculum]] falls off. In other groups of mosses, the capsule is either ''nematodontous'' with an attached operculum, or else splits open without operculum or teeth.
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| − | ==Capsule structure== | |
| − | Among the Bryopsida, the structure of the capsule ([[sporangium]]) and its pattern of development is very useful both for classifying and for identifying moss families. Most Bryopsida produce a capsule with a lid (the [[operculum (botany)|operculum]]) which falls off when the [[spore]]s inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed. The opening thus revealed is called the ''stoma'' (meaning "mouth") and is surrounded by one or two peristomes. A [[peristome]] is a ring of triangular "teeth" formed from the remnants of specially thickened [[cell wall]]s. There are usually 16 such teeth in a single peristome, and in the Bryopsida the teeth are separate from each other and able to both fold in to cover the stoma as well as fold back to open the stoma. This articulation of the teeth is termed '''arthrodontous'''.
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| − | There are two basic arthrodontous peristome types.<ref>Edwards, S. R. 1984. "Homologies and inter-relationships of moss peristomes", pages 658-695 ''in'' R. M. Schuster (Ed.) ''New Manual of Bryology''. (Japan: The Hattori Botanical Laboratory). ISBN 4-938163-3045.</ref> The first is termed '''haplolepidous''' and consists of a single circle of 16 peristome teeth. The second type is the '''diplolepidous''' peristome fround in subclass [[Bryidae]]. In this type, there are two rings of peristome teeth—an inner '''endostome''' (short for ''endoperistome'') and an '''exostome'''. The endostome is a more delicate membrane, and its teeth are alligned between the teeth of the exostome. There are a few mosses in the Bryopsida that have no peristome in their capsules. These mosses still undergo the same cell division patterns in capsule development, but the teeth do not fully develop.
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| − | <references/>
| + | [[Category:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] |
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| − | [[Category:Mosses]] | |
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| − | [[es:Bryopsida]]
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| − | [[pt:Bryopsida]]
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| − | [[it:Bryopsida]]
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